音樂治療理論模式的比較分析－以奧福音樂治療團體之效果研究為例

近年來，音樂治療漸受重視，但由于其理論模式繁多復雜，導致教學、應用和研究的因難。本研究希望透過內容比較分析，整理歸納出有條理的音樂治療理論模式系統。幷以一個奧福音樂治療團體的效果研究為例，說明以此系統進行臨床思考的應用實例。奧福音樂治療團體有十名成員，皆為住院精神病患，團體共進行十次，每次四十五分鐘。研究資料的來源包括：工作人員的參與觀察紀錄、非參與觀察記錄、團體前會議紀錄、團體後會議紀錄、團體歷程攝影、成員回饋等，研究資料幷以質性研究分析法進行分析。本研究發現，首先依專業背景來源區分，音樂治療可歸納為心理治療取向、音樂取向、教育取向、和醫療取向之四大取向的音樂治療；再依臨床介入深淺區分，則有支持性音樂治療、再教育音樂治療、和再建構音樂治療三種層次。本研究接著依專業背景訓練和臨床介入深淺的考量，說明奧福音樂治療團體的模式選取、團體流程、和實施成效。發現有系統的音樂治療規劃讓成員在注意力、言語表達、肢體表現、人際互動、自尊自信、鬆弛歡樂和自發創造上皆有進步。本研究討論上述發現有意義，並對音樂治療教學、實務、和研究提出相關討論與建議。

關鍵字

音樂治療；奧福音樂治療；比較分析

並列摘要

Music is a common therapeutic media in counseling, but the complexity of music therapy models makes it difficult for teaching, practice and research. In this study, we hope to conclude, or, to establish an orderly system of music therapy through the method of literature exploration and comparison analysis. An example about the outcome study of one Orff Music Therapy-based group is offered to help explain how this system works in clinical thinking. The Orff Music Therapy-based group is composed of ten, all of whom are the psychotic patients. All the process of this group was recorded by participant observers, non-participant observers, pre-experiment meetings, post-experiment meetings, photos by camera, and members’ feedback. These data was analyzed by qualitative research method. First of all, according to the bases of the professional background, music therapy is divided into four approaches. They are psychotherapy-oriented, music-oriented, education-oriented, and medical-oriented ones. Furthermore, if divided based on the degrees of the clinical involvement, music therapy will also include supportive, re-educative, and re-constructive ones. This study will discuss the discovery from above, and suggestions for the teaching, application, and research of music therapy were provided.