馬勒音樂中的世界觀意象

Gustav Mahler: His Music and His Weltanschauung

盧文雅(Wen-Yea Lu)

指導教授 ： 劉岠渭 ； 王美珠

國立臺北藝術大學/音樂學院/音樂學系博士班/博士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2006.00124

摘要

古斯塔夫•馬勒 (Gustav Mahler，1860 -1911)，是19世紀末至20世紀初發展於德奧地區的指揮家、作曲家。在他擔任維也納歌劇院指揮時期，其指揮風采在當時被受稱讚，同時他也創作不少大型的管絃樂作品及歌曲。他的創作具有特有的風格與理念，使他成為後浪漫樂派的音樂大師之一。

馬勒曾經說，交響曲對他而言即是「世界交響曲」(Weltensymphonie)，他期待他的作品能多面相的反映他對世界的體驗與看法。而他的世界觀，成為他作品中重要意象。我們除了可以從他的作品中瞭解他對世界的各種看法，也可以進一步探討他的生命、死亡、悲觀、迷失、信仰、愛、自然…等觀點在音樂中的呈現。

馬勒音樂中表現出的世界觀意象可分為三大類：第一類是屬於馬勒的「直觀世界」，也就是現實世界；在音樂中他表現出對現實世界的悲苦、絕望、死亡、送葬與迷失等真實的體會。第二類是「對觀的世界」，屬於大自然與幽默純真的世界，展現在音樂的鳥鳴、號角信號聲與怪誕的舞蹈中。第三類是「超越的」世界，在音樂中超越人世間的悲苦，進入一個與神同在，有著幸福與愛的世界。

本篇論文即針對這三大類世界觀意象，來探討馬勒的音樂呈現。除了研究他作品中作曲技法的展現，更期待看出馬勒音樂中生命歷程的流露以及他生命的信念。

關鍵字

古斯塔夫•馬勒 ； 直觀世界 ； 悲苦 ； 送葬 ； 對觀的世界 ； 幽默純真 ； 鳥鳴 ； 號角信號聲 ； 超越的世界

並列摘要

Gustav Mahler (1860 -1911) was a conductor and composer whose career was most developed in Germany and Austria from late 19th century to early 20th century. During his career life as a conductor in Vienna State Opera, he was complimented for his conductor glamour and music achievement. In the same time, he composed many large pieces of orchestra and songs. Mahler’s works were with his unique style and ideas. He, then, became one of the representatives of post-romanticism composer.

Gustav Mahler once said, symphony orchestra to him is a world symphony (Weltensymphonie). He expected his music to reflect his experiences and viewpoints on the world through different dimensions. Therefore, by researching his musical works, we may explore into his worldviews and understand how he presented his personal views on life, death, pessimism, lost, faith, love, nature and so on.

There are three different types of worldview in Mahler’s music. The first type is Mahler’s “intuitional world” which is the “real world”. In this type of music, he tried to express his awareness of miserable, despair, death, funeral, and sense of lost to the real world. The second type is “synoptic world” which is the nature and the world of humor and naïve. This was mostly expressed in his music with bird’s sing, horn signal and freaky dance. The third type is “transcendental world” which goes beyond the miserable world and get into a world of God’s presence with happiness and love.

This dissertation is to explore Gustav Mahler’s music expression through the three different aspects of his worldview. This research goes deep to his music pieces and exposes his various composition skills. Moreover, it unveils how his music pieces were impacted by his stages of life and what he believed in life itself.

並列關鍵字

Gustav Mahler ； intuitional world ； miserable ； funeral ； synoptic world ； humor and na&iuml ； ve ； horn signal ； transcendental world

參考文獻

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