非營利組織轉換型領導、志工特質傾向、留任意願與服務導向公民行為關聯性之研究－以台南縣、高雄縣人民團體為例

The Relationships among Transformational Leadership, Volunteers’ Traits, the Willingness to Continue Participating, and Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in the Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs)?oA Study of the Civic Groups in Kaohsiung County and Tainan County

陳淑琴(Shu-Chin Chen)

指導教授 ： 李元墩

共同指導教授 ： 陳璧清

長榮大學/管理學院/高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)/碩士(2008年)

摘要

台灣自1987年解嚴後，即進入主權在民時代，社會環境也隨之快速變遷，此時非營利組織也大量設立，尤其是人民團體，已快速躍升為社會組織中重要的一環，補其公、私部門力有未逮的缺口，亦成為國跟家中間最好的橋樑，連帶的也提升整體社會凝聚力；然要有健全的人民團體領導是重要元素，故本研究主要探討台南縣、高雄縣人民團體中轉換型領導、志工特質傾向、留任意願與服務導向公民行為之關聯性，希望透過非營利組織中最寶貴的資產「人」，來實現一個美好、充滿希望的社會。
經文獻分析、實務專家諮詢與問卷調查等方法，本研究找出適用於非營利組織之轉換型領導、志工特質傾向、留任意願與服務導向公民行為的量表，針對高雄縣和台南縣的人民團體進行實際研究驗證，有效問卷回收率為13.1﹪（寄發問卷1,000份，有效問卷131份）；所得到之初級資料，透過敘述性統計、信度分析、變異數分析、典型相關分析與線性結構關係等統計方法，得到本研究的結論如下：
1.在轉換型領導、志工特質傾向、服務導向公民行為、留任意願各
構念間皆有顯著正相關和顯著正向影響。
2.個人基本變項對轉換型領導、志工特質傾向、服務導向公民行
為、留任意願各構念間存在著部份差異。
3.在志工特質傾向與留任意願交互作用下，對服務導向公民行為則
有部份干擾作用。
4.整體關係模式驗證顯示本研究理論模式具有良好的適配度外，也
發現轉換型領導透過志工特質傾向對服務導向公民行為之間接效
果，高於轉換型領導對於服務導向公民行為之直接效果，顯示志
工特質傾向確實有明顯的中介效果。
本研究末章更進一步探討結論與管理意涵，呈現具體建議供實務界和學術界參酌，相信台灣社會必能透過健全的非營利組織－人民團體的運作，喚起公民意識、來重視及參與公共議題，共同建構一個和諧、安康的社會。

關鍵字

非營利組織 ； 轉換型領導 ； 志工特質傾向 ； 留任意願 ； 服務導向公民行為 ； 人民團體 ； 民間團體

並列摘要

Since the lifting of martial law in 1987, Taiwan has seen its social structures transform rapidly in the course of democratization. One of the major over the past two decades was the emergence of a great number of non-profit organizations （hereinafter, NPO）, especially civic groups, which have been established to fulfill social functions and responsibilities that have not been well covered by the public and private sectors. It is believed that a successful civic group can serve to enhance social cohesion and solidarity as a means of communication between a nation and its citizens. However, a sound and solid civic group requires good leadership, and thus, this study aimed to treat civic groups in Tainan County and Kaohsiung County as the subjects to explore the relationships between transformational leadership, volunteers’ traits and the willingness to continue participating, and service-oriented citizenship behaviors in the NPOs.
Based on a literature review, expert consultation, and questionnaire survey, a scale measuring the aforementioned four dimensions was constructed and a survey was conducted among civil groups in Kaohsiung County and Tainan County. Altogether 1,000 questionnaires were sent out with 131 valid questionnaires returned, a rate of 13.1%. Through statistical methods including descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA, canonical correlation analysis, and SEM, the primary data have been analyzed and the following conclusions made:
1.There are significant positive correlations and effects
among the four dimensions of transformational
leadership, volunteers’traits, service-oriented
organizational citizenship behaviors, the willingness to
continue participating.
2.In terms of the demographic variables, there are still
partial differences in the four dimensions of
transformational leadership, volunteers’ traits,
service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors,
the willingness to continue participating, respectively.
3.The interaction between volunteers’traits and the
willingness to continue participating has an
intermediary effect on service-oriented citizenship
behaviors.
4.The theoretic model established in this study has good
applicability to measure the four dimensions of
transformational leadership, volunteers’traits, service-
oriented organizational citizenship behaviors, the
willingness to continue participating.
5.The indirect effect of transformational leadership on
service-oriented citizenship behaviors by way of
volunteers’traits is higher than the direct effect of
transformational leadership on service-oriented
citizenship behaviors. This indicates that volunteers’
traits have a significant intermediary effect.
Furthermore, this study has come up with several suggestions in its conclusion as references for NPOs and academics. It is believed that the successful operation of NPOs will motivate citizens to attend and participate in public affairs so as to develop Taiwan into a more harmonious and peaceful society.

並列關鍵字

Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) ； Transformational Leadership ； the Willingness to Continue Participating ； Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors ； Civic Groups

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