我國商港管理機關對油污染損害風險管理之研究

A study of Risk Management for Oil Pollution damages from Port of Authority’s viewpoint

林美秀(Mei-Hsiu Lin)

指導教授 ： 曾文瑞

長榮大學/管理學院/經營管理研究所(博)/碩士(2006年)

摘要

二次大戰後由於海上油污染事件頻傳，不僅係因海事事故，甚至在船舶上之操作行為，或鑽油平台操作不慎，或發生意外，皆會造成油污染而嚴重影響海洋生態。面對海洋環境保護之國際趨勢下，如何加強海上油污染方面的預防應變與國際合作等能力，是海事國家必須配合及遵行的海洋政策之一。本文藉由探討油污染防治國際公約之相關規定，佐以參考國外海洋油污染管理制度及緊急應變機制作為基礎，探討我國相關海洋污染防治之法制及其組織體系與應變能力等現況及問題，據以提供商港管理機關擬定風險管理策略之方向。
本研究參考ITOPF歷年海上漏油事件發生的原因及漏油噸數之資料，進行獨立性檢定，結果顯示油污染之原因與洩油噸數大小之間具有因果關係，即大於700噸之洩油量，以碰撞、觸礁及船體破漏為導致大型油污染之主要事故原因；而裝卸貨、加油或其他之船上操作性事故，不易發生中、大型之油污染。為預防、減少、控制油污染事件的發生頻率及損失幅度並為確保港埠長期且永續經營，本研究再透過風險評估程序，將造成油污染原因分成低度風險、中度風險及高度風險三個風險區，以商港管理機關立場，由風險決策者對不同之風險區配合內外部環境條件及其成本與效益之考量下，宏觀擬定不同的風險管理策略。於事故發生前藉由風險管理措施，控制風險事故發生之機率；在污染事故發生後，則著重在風險事故發生後之財務衝擊因應，
以減少海上油污染對港口經營之衝擊。

關鍵字

海洋油污染防治 ； 風險管理 ； 風險決策 ； 油污染

並列摘要

After WWII, frequent ocean oil pollution incidents which were made by maritime accidents, vessel operations or operational negligence of oil drilling platforms could be the reason of oil pollution to critically affect ocean ecology. Under the international trend of ocean environment reservation, how to take the precaution and enhance international cooperative ability will be one of ocean policies that maritime countries must cooperate and obey. By discussing the international convention for prevention of oil pollution and drawing on foreign ocean oil pollution management system and expedient, my research probes into the issues of ocean pollution prevention and ocean pollution prevention system and precaution ability to provide direction for commercial port authorities to make risk management strategy.

This is study refers to the reasons of oil-leaking affairs and the leaking tonnages from ITOPF, and engages in independent test. The result shows that there is a causal relationship between the factors of oil pollution and the tonnage of oil-leaking. In other words, when the tonnage of oil-leaking is over 700 TEU, the main reasons of large oil pollutions would be collisions, strike on reefs, and breakages of hull. And loading and discharging cargos, fueling or other operational vessel accidents occur less middle and large oil pollution.

In order to prevent, decrease and control the frequency of oil pollution accidents and loss range for long-term and everlasting management, the commercial port risk policy maker should draft risk management policy which accords with to internal and external environment condition, cost and revenue. The risk management measures should be taken to control the probability of accident occurrence before accidents occur, and focus on the financial impact after oil pollution.

This is study divides oil pollution factors into low-level risk zone, middle-level risk zone and high-level risk zone through risk estimate. Finally, by forming different risk management strategies for different commercial port authorities, we hope to reduce the impact of ocean oil pollution against port management.

並列關鍵字

ocean oil pollution prevention ； risk management ； risk policy ； oil pollution

參考文獻

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