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  • 學位論文

美國法下擬制變更理論於我國公共工程契約上之應用

The Application of Constructive Changes Theroy under the Law of the United States to Public Construction Contracts in Taiwan

指導教授 : 黃居正
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摘要


在營建工程的領域中由於難以有完美的先前規劃,以及工程進行中可能遭遇的實際問題千變萬化,因此契約變更成為無法避免之情形。而在我國法崇尚契約自由原則下,在能依循契約條款解決時,則當然援引適用,但在工程契約規範無法詳盡羅列各種變更問題時,我國是回歸適用民法承攬章節等規定,但我國民法承攬編並非專為營建工程所設,尤其對於契約變更方面並未詳加規範。而據此若欲依照我國民法在誠實信用原則、公平合理原則跟情事變更原則此等概括性原則處理,讓法院依公平裁量來是否構成變更或做增減給付時,在實際適用上又可能有概念模糊,無法確切適用之嫌。 在美國實務中為了處理此類營建工程的變更爭議問題,因而提出了一個更符合公平正義、切合時勢之變更理論,即將一些定作人非正式的指令、或是履行中所發生不公平或異常之情形,依據「擬制變更」理論進而適用契約的變更條款方式來處理此類問題。依美國法此專對營建工程領域經由四十多年前發展衍生出來之理論,依照其國家歷年判例觀之,似更可貼切地解決目前工程於實務中所層出不窮之特殊變更問題。 因此本研究欲以瞭解目前美國法擬制變更理論之發展與其詳細內涵,接而探討美國與我國對於此類似變更爭議問題於實務判決上差異,瞭解我國契約規範與實定法在此部分之問題與不足,最後希冀能用引用此美國法之擬制變更理論於我國公共工程實務契約,以更公平合理解決此類變更爭議問題。

並列摘要


ABSTRACT Due to the impossibility of perfect planning in advance in every construction work, and also to the various potential problems in the process of performing the work, Constructive Changes are inevitable. As the Law of Taiwan advocates free contracting, it is applicable under the condition in which construction clauses can be used to solve the change problem, however, when the change problems cannot be thoroughly listed in the construction contract norms, chapters of contracting in Civil Laws in Taiwan can be applicable. But the chapters in Civil Laws stated above are not established exclusively for construction work, particularly there are no further rules of contract changes. Furthermore, even it is with the principle of good faith, and the principle of chang of circumstance, that the court determines whether the changes and sum changes should be made or not, there still exists ambivalence. In order to manage this kind of change controversies, a change theory that is more just and conforms to current situations was proposed in the U.S. practice. The theory manages the problems such as informal orders and unjust situations in accordance with the theory of “Constructive Change”, and then with the contract change clauses. According to the theory that was developed forty years ago under the Law of the United States, as well as the past cases, it is assumed that the theory can solve the emerging particular change problems in construction work. Thus, this study aims to investigate the development and content of the current Law of the United States, and then discuss the differences of actual judgments concerning the similar change controversies between the United States and Taiwan, with the attempt to understand the problems and inadequacies of Taiwan’s contract rules and civil laws in this regard. Finally, it is hoped to apply Constructive Changes under the Law of the United States to public construction contracts in Taiwan, in order to solve this kind of change controversies in a more just and reasonable way.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


劉帥雷(2016)。論公共工程之業主變更指示權〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700005
倪子嵐(2013)。論「情事變更原則」與「擬制變更理論」之連結關係 -以我國公共工程契約爭議為核心〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-1807201312584200

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