大學生關係攻擊者經驗之初探

前言：關係攻擊在人際互動中普遍存在著，大學生求學階段有著人際交往遽增的特性，是關係攻擊盛行的時期，面對多元的人際關係與人際互動，曾經有過或正在經歷的關係攻擊經驗對大學生的心理發展甚為重要。過往研究已豐厚了「被攻擊者」生理心理所受到的影響，然而，對於「攻擊者」攻擊行為背後的心理需求琢磨甚少，身為諮商工作者的我們需要對這個族群有更多的了解。研究目的：以詮釋現象學為立基，理解四位大學生在關係攻擊中的攻擊經驗為何，並以華人文化脈絡，理解關係攻擊對於大學生的意義以及其背後的心理需求。研究方法：本研究以Heidegger所提出之詮釋現象學觀點，針對4位曾有關係攻擊之攻擊經驗的大學生進行深度訪談，以「詮釋現象學分析」為資料整理與分析方法。研究結果：本研究除了深入詮釋每一位受訪者所經歷的關係攻擊經驗與意義外，也統整所有的文本進行綜合詮釋，結果包含「情緒，找不到出口」、「宣洩後的高張關係」，以及「我們彼此都是有力量的」三大主題，並在最後整理出關係攻擊中攻擊者與被攻擊者雙方關係的特殊性，以及提出實務工作上的建議。結論：對於關係攻擊者（或稱加害者、當事人）的處遇，建議暫時放下對「關係攻擊行為本身」的問題化思維、放下問題解決導向的諮商目標，而是去理解攻擊者潛藏在行為背後，希望被聽見、希望可以好好釋放的情緒。

關鍵字

大學生；關係攻擊；攻擊者；詮釋現象學

並列摘要

Relational aggression exists commonly in interpersonal interaction. The high prevalence of relational aggression among college students is due to the increasing of interpersonal interaction in the college stage. Past research suggests lots of influences against the victims on the physical and psychological ways. However, there is few research tells the mental needs behind the aggressors. This study interviewed 4 college students to discuss the experiences in relational aggressions and to find out the meaning as well as the mental needs to college students by the view of Chinese culture. This study adopted the view of Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology, used in-depth interview to collect data, and used “hermeneutic phenomenological analysis” to summarize and analyze data. The main findings of the study were as follow: Three main themes were identified to reflect the relational aggressors’ real experiences and feelings about the behavior of aggression: (1) emotions finding no way out, (2) high tense relations after expressing, (3) we all have the strength to recover and adapt. The interventions to the aggressors have also been reminded: instead of problematize the relational aggression itself, we should pay more attention to understand the emotions hidden behind the behavior of aggression, and that’s what exactly wants to be heard.