大陸地區高科技產業之研發與智財權策略-以液晶顯示器產業為例

R&D and IP Strategies of Hi-Tech Industry in China: A Case of TFT-LCD

李得俊(De-Jiun Li)

指導教授 ： 李傳楷

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/經營管理碩士在職專班/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究為探討大陸地區新興科技產業之研發與智財權策略，並以液晶顯示器產產業為個案研究對象。由於中國目前為世界製造工廠，同時也是具有13億人口的消費市場，許多歐美日等先進國家皆進入中國設廠。液晶顯示器產業為中國之高新科技發展產業，如同半導體產業，具有資本密集、技術密集特性、產品生命週期短、景氣循環等特性。
本研究以Mathews (2005)的Crystal 景氣循環為基礎，在影響景氣循環之區域性新競爭者(日本、韓國、台灣等)的加入、替代產品、消費者需求、供應者動力等四大因素外，加入液晶電視產品的應用所創造的生命週期。在液晶顯示器技術由日本擴散至韓國及台灣的同時，新開發者也陸續投入研發專利的申請與布局，因此本研究也針對研發與專利侵權訴訟問題，分析各競爭廠商之研發專利與侵權防禦策略；並分析新的區域性競爭者--中國--加入時所面臨之環境處境，探討其可能研發策略，並藉由個案訪談方式了解其可行性。
研究結果發現，韓國及台灣在投入液晶顯示器產業前已有類似半導體產業等相關產業基礎，且專利訴訟與保護方面也仰賴早期投入基礎研發生產的廠商如IBM等。反之中國在缺乏相關技術下若投入液晶顯示器的生產，則特別需要海外技術團隊技術支持，研發專利也必須依附於海外具規模的廠商策略性保護或購買具有攻擊性專利。台灣液晶顯示器廠注重代工，未來必須與大陸品牌廠結合，才能與日、韓同時具有品牌與生產的廠商競爭。

關鍵字

液晶顯示器 ； 大陸 ； 研發 ； 智財

並列摘要

This study aims to explore the R&D and the intellectual property right strategies of the emerging technology industries in China and takes LCD industry as the case study subject. As China is a “world factory” at present and has a consumption market with 1.3 billion people, many developed countries, such as Japan and those from the Europe and America, have set up their factories in China. The LCD industry is China’s hi-tech development industry, with intensive capital and technology, short product life circle, business cycle and other characteristics, like the semiconductor industry.
Based on the Crystal Business Cycle by Mathews (2005), this study also takes into consideration the life circle created by the application of LCD TVs, besides including the four factors of the entry of new regional competitors (Japan, Korea and Taiwan, etc), substitute products, consumer’s demands and supplier’s motive power that influence the business cycle. The new developers also immerse in the application and layout for patents R&D in succession while the LCD technology is spread into Korea and Taiwan. Therefore, this study also analyzes each competitor’s patents and infringement defense strategies based on the issues concerning R&D and patent infringement litigation. Meanwhile, it analyzes the situations encountered by China---a new regional competitor, when accessing to market, and explores China’s possible R&D strategies and their feasibilities through case interview.
Study findings show that Korea and Taiwan have possessed the semiconductor industry and other related industries foundations before immersing in the LCD industry and that their patent litigation and protection also depended on those manufacturers that immersed in basic R&D and production in early stage, like IBM. Conversely, China will especially need supports from overseas technical teams if putting into production of the LCD in lack of relevant technologies, and must depend on the strategic protection of large-scale overseas manufacturers in patent R&D or purchase offensive patents. As mainly focusing on OEM, Taiwan’s LCD plants must combine with brand-name factories in Chinese Mainland in future, so as to compete with the manufacturers in Japan and Korea, with their own brand and also engaging in production.

並列關鍵字

TFT-LCD ； China ； R&D ； IP

參考文獻

Albert, G. Z., and Jaffe, A. B., 2003, ”Patent Citation and International Knowledge Flow: the Case of Korea and Taiwan” ,International Journal of Industrial Organization, No. 21, pp.849-880

Ford, D., 1988, “Develop Your Technology Strategy.” Reprinted from Long Range Planning, Vol.21, No.5, pp.91

Fischer1,W.A.,and M. Zedtwitz., 2004,” Chinese R&D: Naissance, Renaissance or Mirage?” R&D Management (34)4,349-365

Gassmann, O., and Z. Han., 2004, “Motivations and barriers of foreign R&D activities in China” R&D Management 34, 4, 423-437

Hu, M.C., 2008, “Knowledge flows and innovation capability: The patenting trajectory of Taiwan's thin film transistor-liquid crystal display industry” Technological Forecasting & Social (75) 1423–1438