檢視作業肌肉骨骼不適與視覺疲勞評估研究

隱形眼鏡製造的過程需要進行許多步驟，當中檢視作業是運用人力最多的程序，在未出現有效取代的方式前，仍必須以人員眼睛進行檢查工作。隱形眼鏡檢視工作屬於輕負荷高重複的作業，長期從事又沒有適度休息，可能對從事此工作的人員產生視覺與肌肉骨骼方面的影響，本研究將以(1)肌肉骨骼不適(引用Nordic. Musculoskeletal Questionnaire，簡稱NMQ)與(2)視覺疲勞主觀評量表所收集的資訊作為基礎，評估檢視作業影響身體肌肉骨骼部位不適與視覺疲勞反應程度狀況。在肌肉骨骼不適的評估將利用關鍵指標手工物料作業檢核表(Key Indicators Methods for Manual Huandling Operation, KIM-MHO)對檢視人員作業負荷進行評量，視覺疲勞使用視覺頻閃儀(Ficker)量測作業場所內人員閃光融合閾值(Fatigue Critical Fusion Frequency，簡稱CFF)數據，來評估視覺疲勞現況。從185位檢視作業人員身體肌肉骨骼問卷及5名職安人員運用KIM-MHO檢核表評估的研究結果發現，工作時間較長會導致肌肉骨骼不適累積，影響最主要部位在身體上肢，造成的原因為手部重復性動作與不正直的坐姿。從185位檢視作業人員視覺疲勞主觀問卷及檢視作業場所中60名人員進行閃光融合閾值(CFF)量測，結果中發現檢視作業對人員的視覺疲勞反應都有正相關影響，疲勞產生原因主要為每日工作時間較長，另在性別差異比較中發現，女性無論在肌肉骨骼不適或視覺疲勞都比男性明顯。較長的工作時間是檢視作業產生肌肉骨骼不適與視覺疲勞要主要的因素，若能對每日作業內容進行適當的調配，減少重複性動作及眼睛凝視的時間，將降低對肌肉骨骼不適與視覺疲勞不良影響。工作改善建議調整工作姿勢，讓身體上身能保持正直，配合人因工程設計原理與檢視人員身體尺寸，設置坐椅與工作桌面高度避免產生低頭與彎腰，設計適合輔助工具減少手部的握持與移動，搭配手腕防護器具消除檢視作業引起的肌肉骨骼不適與視覺疲勞的現象。

關鍵字

檢視作業；肌肉骨骼不適；視覺疲勞；較長時間工作

並列摘要

Contact lens manufacturing process requires many steps, of which the visual inspection on the lens is the most labor-intensive procedure. And this inspection by labors’ eyes is not replaceable before any effective method was found. Contact lens examining is a light-weight and repetitive task. In the long-term engagement without any proper rest might cause visual and musculoskeletal effects. This study will be informed from the subjective assessment of (1) muscular-skeletal disorders (Nordic. Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, NMQ) and (2) visual fatigue to as a basis for evaluate discomfort and visual fatigue in the musculoskeletal area of the visual inspection task. In one of the assessment methods of Musculoskeletal Disorders, KIM-MHO will be used to engage in the Visual Inspection Task. The Visual Fatigue Critical Fusion Frequency (CFF) data were measured at the working station using flicker fusion frequency (Handy Ficker: HF, Japan) and the data were statistically analyzed and assessment. It is found that on the body musculoskeletal survey of 185 operators and KIM-MHO checklist of 5 staff members’ assessment, the longer working hours accumulate musculoskeletal disorders. The most effective impacts on the body are the repeatable action of hands and upper extremities with abnormal sitting position. It is found that the results on the visual fatigue subjective assessment survey of 185 operators and CFF of 60 visual inspection work area operators have a positive correlation, which was caused by the long working hours in everyday. In the gender differences on the comparison found, women’s musculoskeletal disorders and visual fatigue than man had more obvious effects. The more working hours are the main factors in musculoskeletal disorders and visual fatigue in visual task. If the working time is adjustable to reduce the repeatable action and eyes gaze time on daily work which could less the effect on musculoskeletal disorders and visual fatigue. The work environment improving like the working posture adjusted which work men sitting straight goes with human engineering design. Redesign suitable chairs and desktops in according the height of staffs and operators to avoid body bow and bow down. Design the hand tool for assisting to reduce hand grip and movement and with the wrist protection equipment, reduce the degree of wrist load.