本文主要的研究目的,在比較台灣地區影響本籍與外籍配偶『是否生育與生育子女數』以及『第一胎子女的生育步調』決策的因素是否存在差異性。實證研究上選用民國92年「外籍與大陸配偶生活狀況調查」及「台灣地區人力資源調查」、「台灣地區婦女婚育與就業調查」資料。計量分析上,『是否生育模型』採用Probit模型估計;『生育子女數模型』採用負二項式迴歸模型估計;『第一胎子女生育步調模型』,則採用存活模型之Log-logistic模型估計。 在『是否生育與生育子女數』模型中,實證結果顯示:大陸籍婦女的「婦女教育水準」與「婦女是否工作」得到與預期較不同的顯著結果,其他變數如:「婦女初婚年齡」、「丈夫個人特徵變數」、「所得」與「是否與配偶的親屬同住」皆有顯著與預期相符的結果。東南亞籍婦女除了「婦女教育水準」較無顯著的結果,其他變數的估計同樣有顯著與預期相符的結果。而在『第一胎子女生育步調』模型中,大陸籍婦女除了「婦女是否工作」對於生育步調沒有顯著影響之外,其他變數對於生育步調都存在重要的影響效果。東南亞籍婦女除了「婦女是否工作」、「婦女初婚年齡」與「是否與配偶的親屬同住」是顯著影響的解釋變數,其他變數則大致沒有一致的結論。台灣籍婦女在兩組模型的分組年齡層分析中除了「婦女初婚年齡」變數有顯著的影響,其他變數估計結果大致為不顯著。 整體「生育行為」的分析,顯示影響台灣地區本籍與外籍婦女生育行為的因素,確實存在差異性;其中大陸籍與東南亞籍的婦女有較相近的影響因子,本籍與外籍婦女的生育影響因素則差異較大。
This study investigates the main determinants of fertility, number of children ever born and duration of first birth intervals among Taiwanese, Mainland Chinese or the Southeast Asian women who are married in Taiwan. The empirical analysis is based on the data from the 2003 Taiwan Manpower Survey and 2003 Women's Marriage, Fertility and Employment Survey and 2003 Survey of Foreign and Mainland Spouses’ Life Status. A binary Probit model, negative binomial regression model and survival model are employed as the estimation methods. The estimation results indicate that for Taiwanese women by age cohort, only age at marriage shows significant effects on the fertility behaviors, while other personal characteristics, such as educational level, husband’s educational level, employment status, husband’s employment status and sector, family income, family structure, and living area, are mostly insignificant in determining the fertility behaviors. However, for Mainland Chinese and Southeast Asian women by age cohort, most of the variables mentioned above show significant impacts on the fertility behaviors. As a result, this study infers that the fertility behaviors of Taiwanese women and those of non-Taiwanese women (including women from Mainland China and Southeast Asia) are influenced by different personal factors.