A Real-Time Route Guidance Strategy for Emergency Vehicles in Urban Areas

一種為緊急車輛於都會地區之即時路徑導引策略

盧偉民(Wei-Min Lu)

指導教授 ： 陳文村

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/資訊工程學系/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2011.00531

摘要

由於車輛數密集的成長，導致在都會區交通壅塞的狀況越來越嚴重，當有天然或人為的災害發生時，影響緊急車輛(例如：救護車、消防車、警車)抵達災害現場所需要的時間，緊急救援時間的長短往往決定了傷患存活和死亡的差別。為了減少緊急車輛行駛的時間，在本篇論文中我們提出一種為緊急車輛在都會區即時路徑導引之策略，主要包含為緊急車輛規劃行駛路徑和導引一般車輛讓路。由於交通狀況會隨時間而改變，我們利用現在和歷史的交通資料來規劃路徑，另一方面，目前救護車只用警鈴和警示燈通知鄰近車輛，一般駕駛者往往反應太慢，延誤到緊急車輛的行駛時間，因此我們提出預留車道的方法，讓一般駕駛者可以在適當的時間預留特定的車道讓緊急車輛能快速通過。根據模擬結果來看，比起緊急車輛行走最短路徑，我們提出的方法在虛擬地圖和真實地圖都可以節省最少20%的時間，因此緊急救難隊有更高的機會能即時搶救傷患和降低財務的損失。

關鍵字

緊急救援時間 ； 路徑導引

並列摘要

Emergency response time often makes difference between life and death in cases that man-made or natural disasters happen. In this paper, we propose a real-time route guidance strategy to reduce the traveling time of emergency vehicles. Our strategy consists of path planning and reverse path planning for emergency vehicles. Since the traffic condition changes at any time, we use current and historical traffic information to plan a path. Furthermore, we propose a lane reservation scheme for emergency vehicles to minimize the crash risks. Before an emergency vehicle arrives at each road segment, Road Side Units (RSUs) will at suitable time start to disseminate the warning message so that other drivers have enough time to take proper actions such as speed deceleration or changing lane. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce more than 20% traveling time of emergency vehicles comparing to the shortest path approach with sirens and lights to alert other drivers. By reducing the traveling time, the emergency rescue teams have higher probability to rescue lives and property in time.

並列關鍵字

emergency response time ； route guidance

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