分與份：金門後水頭村奠安儀式的人類學研究

Peace-worship Ceremony of Hou Shui Tou Village in Kinmen Island: A Case Study of Anthropological Research

張靜瑜(HASH(0x1a4e7850))

指導教授 ： 陳祥水

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/人類學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2008.00252

摘要

摘要
本研究透過金門當地的奠安儀式，重新分析儀式行為對漢人社會認同機制的解釋能力，並且指出分與份的概念。
奠安是一種醮儀，舉行奠安儀式的目的，在於藉由祭祀房子所牽涉的土地神靈來祈求居住平安。在金門當地，針對奠安儀式的舉行，已形成一套用各種儀式行為進行運作的宗教習俗，並且能夠用有份、沒份來指稱基於象徵關係：境，所構成的人群關係；同時，房子代表的土地觀念，也表徵一種以公私關係來界定社會人群的聚落觀念。當地人認為，房子的中樑是家戶能夠取得龍脈靈力的所在，龍脈利益則由聚落中的各家戶共享，龍脈利益和爭取利益的權利，是所有家戶都有份的、公的權利，必須爭取龍脈利益的家戶之間，則構成私的權利關係，在參與彼此的奠安活動上沒份。
份的有和無，在此必須透過公私關係來解釋，而公私關係則需要透過土地觀念來說明。土地，在此必須透過宗教因素來解釋，而宗教因素則需要透過境
的觀念來說明。境因此表徵了家戶和聚落之間的象徵關係和象徵利益，必須從宗教因素來解釋，而且能夠用份的概念來運作人群之間的象徵關係，構成一種基於象徵關係形成的人群關係。
出錢有份則是祭祀圈模式的結群概念。基於將出錢有份作為界定聚落單位的概念，人群關係等同特定的權利義務關係，儀式行為等同村廟組織的條件，各種社會實體的互動歷程等同社會認同的機制，人群關係因此等同實體關係。透過金門當地的奠安習俗，我們能夠區分象徵關係和實體關係這兩種漢人結群概念，指出分與份的概念。

關鍵字：份、祭祀圈概念、境、聚落、社會認同機制

關鍵字

份 ； 祭祀圈概念 ； 境 ； 聚落 ； 社會認同機制

並列摘要

Abstract

By ways of analyzing the ritual of “peace-worship”, this thesis aims at explaining power of the institutions of identity and the concept of “division” and “share” in Han-Chinese society.

“Peace-worship” is a kind of “chiao”. The purpose of holding such ritual ceremony is to seek for peace by worshipping the deities related to the house and land. In Kinmen Island, ceremony of “peace-worship” is not only a representation of a religious custom, but also be used to identity the “shares” of people who has- and has-not, the boundary of forming the relationship among the human groups. Because the house represents the land, so it can also use the concept of “public and private” to define the concept of settlement of human groups. The native people regard the beam of a house is the place to grab the magic power of the “dragon pulse”. However, this magic power belongs to all the households in its boundary. Therefore on the one hand, the magic power of “dragon pulse” belongs to the public, however, on the other hand, only these households join in this “peace-worship” ceremony have a share of it. Therefore those who has- and has-not have to hold different ceremony at the same time either to catch the magic power of“dragon pulse”or to prevent the loss of it.

To have share or not to have is to be explained by the relationship of “public” and “private”, and these two relationships have to be illustrated by the concept of land. The concept of land will be understood by the religious concepts which have to be unbuttoned by the concept of the boundary. Boundary, therefore, represents the symbolic relations and interests of the households and settlement. We can also operate the concept of “share” to detect the symbolic relations between the human groups, to construct the human relations based on the symbolic relations.

Donations make shares work is the formation of religious sphere and defining the boundary of the settlement. Human relationships equal to the right and obligation, ritual behavior equals to the conditions of forming a village temple. The interactions of all the social entities equals to the mechanism of social identity. Therefore the human relationships equal to the substantial relations. By ways of this “peace-worship”
ceremony, the author can distinguish the differences between the symbolic and substantial relationships and define the concept of “division” and “share”.

Key words: share, religious sphere, boundary, settlement, mechanisms of social identity.

並列關鍵字

share ； religious sphere ； boundary ； settlement ； mechanisms of social identity

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