災害應變階段下之多物資分配

Multi-Material Distribution in Disaster Response Phase

熊子毅(Tzu-Yi Hsiung)

指導教授 ： 張國浩

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2021年)

摘要

當災害發生時，例如地震，常會發生各地區對許多物資有不同需求程度及交通網路失效的問題。交通網路失效常造成交通阻塞，使運輸的旅行時間增長，而當物資運送時間越長，民眾焦慮感也愈高，也愈容易引起民怨，因此如何有效進行災後物資分配，成為災後應變階段的重要議題。
本研究針對現行的災後物資運輸模式進行改善，在考量災後物資運輸網路設計與交通網路失效程度下，建構一個地區收容中心相互支援的物資配送架構，可以減少地區收容中心之間的滿足程度落差外，也能降低災後物資分配的總反應時間，以達到公平分配及提升災後運輸作業效率的目的，並利用調整後的樣本平均近似法求得最佳運輸指派決策。最後針對不同的影響因子，進行兩種二水準部份因子實驗設計，提供決策者在不同災後情況下使用不同物資配送架構的考量方向，以利決策者進行災後物資運輸管理。

關鍵字

災後多物資分配 ； 物資運輸網路設計 ； 交通網路失效 ； 樣本平均近似法 ； 二水準部分因子實驗設計

並列摘要

When disasters occur, such as earthquakes, different regions have different levels of demand for materials, and transportation network is failed due to the disaster. The failure of the transportation network often causes traffic congestion and increases the travel time of transportation. The longer the material delivery time, the higher the public anxiety, and the more likely it is to cause public grievances. Therefore, how to distribute materials effectively is an important topic for post-disaster response phase.
This research aims to improve the current post-disaster material transportation mode by taking into consideration of the post-disaster material transportation network design and the degree of failure of the transportation network, and constructing a material distribution structure that local relief centers could support each other. The structure could reduce the satisfaction gap between local relief centers, also reduce the total response time of the distribution assignment. The modified sample average approximation is used to find the best multi-material distribution assignment decision. Finally, two two-level fractional factorial designs are carried out with considering different factors. Provide decision-makers with consideration directions for using different material distribution structures in different post-disaster situations, so as to facilitate decision-makers in post-disaster material transportation management.

並列關鍵字

Post-disaster multi-material distribution ； Material distribution network design ； Transportation network failure ； Sample average approximation ； Two-level fractional factorial design

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