《聊齋誌異》角色的功能項研究

The research of character functions of Liaozhai zhiyi

沈佩陵(Pei-Lin Shen)

指導教授 ： 蔡英俊

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/中國文學系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2014.00161

摘要

本論文從俄國民俗學家弗拉基米爾．雅可夫列維奇．普洛普（Vladimir JakovlevicPropp，1895）於1928年發表的《故事形態學》得到啟發，在其歸納的31個角色功能項的基礎上，作為對照，以中國文言志怪小說集大成之作《聊齋誌異》中的故事為取材資料庫，從中歸納出二十九個中國文言小說內容特有的角色功能項。以故事的「起、承、轉、合」來分類，可以得到起始功能項：外出、受探、匱乏、交往、覺察；承接功能項：引路、查問、請求、禁止、加害、難題、考驗；轉折功能項：破禁、幫助、應求、解除難題、通過考驗、報恩、無法通過考驗、結合、生子；結尾功能項：約定、考驗後的獎賞、揭露、見證、離家、重逢、真相大白、回家。另外，還有故事是以初始情境作為開場，以及結局情境作為故事的收束。在歸納的功能項中，筆者以《聊齋誌異》為例，將中國文言志怪小說做出基本結構性的拆解跟認識，並對照出與西方傳奇故事不盡相同的敘事特徵。

關鍵字

《聊齋誌異》 ； 角色 ； 功能項 ； 行動 ； 敘事

並列摘要

This dissertation was inspired by the academic publication “Morphology of the Folk Tale” which is written by a Soviet scholar folklorist Vladimir Propp who studied the basic plot components of Russian folk tales in order to identify their essence narrative elements, and concluded 31 role functions in 1928. This paper used these 31 roles as contrasting research foundation and similarly took 60 stories from the representative work of the classical Zhi-Guai Chinese short story Liaozhai Zhiyi as the researcher’s resources, then concluded 29 functions as the result form this unique classical Chinese short story. This research divided these 29 functions into 4 categories of introduction, elucidation, transition and conclusion, then digest about introduction functions: Going out, Be visited, Deficiency, Association, Awareness; the elucidation functions: Guidance, Inquiring, pleading, Interdiction, Injury, Difficulty, Test; the transition functions: Violation of interdiction, Assistance, Agreement, problem solving, test passed, Appreciation, Test failure, Combination, Child-Delivery, the conclusion functions: Appointment, Rewards after the test, Exposition, Witness, Departure, Reunion, Reveal, Return. In additions, some stories are opened by a starting scene and summing up by an ending scene. For the conclusion of these 29 functions, the researcher used Liaozhai Zhiyi as example, to structurally disassemble and recognize of classical Chinese Zhi Guai short story and contrasted the narrative characteristic differences with western fairy tales.

並列關鍵字

Liaozhai Zhiyi ； character ； function ； action ； narrative

參考文獻

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