從跨國生產及消費之汙染含量檢視汙染避難所假說是否成立

Pollutants content in production and consumption and pollution haven hypothesis:An inter-country input-output analysis

曾琳芝(Lin-Chih Tseng)

指導教授 ： 林師模 ； 林晉勗

中原大學/商學院/國際經營與貿易研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201800755

摘要

本研究以歐盟所編製的多國投入產出資料庫中，1995~2009年之多國投入產出表及八種空氣汙染排放資料，從多國產業間互相關聯的角度，分析了各國各產業與生產及消費活動相關之汙染排放含量，再進一步以所估算之數據檢視環境經濟學中之「汙染避難所假說」是否仍然普遍成立。
本研究以三種不同指標檢視汙染避難所假說是否成立，一是以進出口額為基礎，為多數傳統相關文獻的計算方式；二是以進出口的相對比率為基礎；三則是結合附加價值貿易觀點，將附加價值貿易模型中之附加價值向量轉換為空氣汙染排放係數向量，以計算出為了滿足其他國最終需要，本國各產業生產時所導致的空氣汙染排放含量，以及為滿足本國最終需要，其他國家生產時所造成的空氣汙染排放含量。本研究之結果發現，開發中國家之印度、印尼、中國大陸、巴西、墨西哥以三種指標檢視，幾乎都是已開發國家的汙染避難所，而臺灣則是日本及美國的避難所。

關鍵字

汙染避難所 ； 多國投入產出分析 ； 附加價值貿易 ； 空氣汙染含量

並列摘要

This study makes use of the 1995-2009 World Input-Output Tables together with the environmental accounts data, all compiled by the European Union, to calculate the embodied air pollutants associated with the production and consumption of the 40 countries or areas included in the World Input-Output Database. The results are then used to calculate three indexes to examine whether the famous “pollution haven hypothesis” still applies generally for developing economies.
The three indexes for examination base their calculations on import-export values, import-export ratios, and the embodied contents in imports and exports. The embodied air pollutants are calculated within the international inter-industry framework for two cases: (1) the air pollutants embodied in the foreign final demand due to domestic production processes, and (2) the air pollutants embodied in domestic final consumption due to foreign production processes. Our results reveal that developing countries such as India, Indonesia, China, Brazil, and Mexico have been the pollution haven of most developed countries during the study periods, while Taiwan has been the haven of Japan and the US most of the time.

並列關鍵字

Pollution haven ； multi-country input-output analysis ； value-added trade ； embodied air pollution

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