住宅衛浴空間應用通用設計原則規劃初探

隨著醫療品質的提昇，高齡化是目前社會的現象，根據國發會臺灣人口推估 65歲以上老人人口占總人口比例，從2014年的12%，至2061年41%，落實通用設計不僅僅是針對高齡人口，同時也兼顧各種年齡的需求，創造安全舒適的居家空間。「人本關懷」逐漸備受到重視，高齡者住宅設計也逐漸成為趨勢，衛浴空間規畫將通用設計落實在住宅衛浴空間，為本研究重要探討議題。本研究目的為一.探討高齡者對於衛浴空間需求及安全重要性。二.借鏡日本衛浴空間運用通用設計，提供台灣未來學習發展的方向。三.研究空間類型條件差異，提供衛浴空間達到使用者不同之最理想的需求。從探討衛浴的發展史，衛浴舒適性、功能性及美觀性等。並針對衛浴空間設計所採用的材質、造型深入分析。針對通用住宅的衛浴設計，透過案例歸納分析日本與台灣衛浴空間設計差異，進一步探討住宅衛浴空間尺度，空間配置與動線調整之設定，參考人體工學尺度適度規畫的一個準則，通用設計以七大原則與三大附則為出發點，改善高齡者的使用需求，提出可滿足高齡者需求的衛浴空間。透過檢核表，提出合宜之尺度建議・歸納住宅衛浴空間通用規範研究。期望社會大眾更重視居家高齡者及行動不便者之環境空間、並適當改善既有的住宅都能達到符合友善高齡者使用之居住需求，成為高齡者在宅安養「安全舒適的家」。

關鍵字

衛浴空間；人體工學；通用設計；高齡者

並列摘要

With the improvement of medical quality, aging of population has become a social phenomenon. According to National Development Council (NDC), it is estimated that the proportion of the elderly over 65 years old in the total population will increase from 12% in 2014 to 41% in 2061. The implementation of general design is not only to create a safe and comfortable home space for the elderly population, but also takes into account the needs of various ages. As “humanistic care” has been paid more and more attention, housing design for the elderly has gradually become a trend. The implementation of general design in the bathroom space plan is an important topic for this study. The purposes of this study are: first, to explore the elderly's requirements for bathroom space and the importance safety; second, to learn from the Japanese practice in the use of general design in bathroom space as a reference for the direction of future learning and development in Taiwan; third, to investigate the difference of space types and conditions and provide ideal bathroom space that meets the needs of different users. The scope of discussion in this paper covered the development history, comfort, functionality and aesthetics of the bathroom. In addition, the materials and styles used in the design of bathroom space were analyzed in depth. For the bathroom design of general residences, this paper summarized and analyzed the differences of bathroom space design between Japan and Taiwan through case study, and further discussed the setting of space scale, space configuration and line adjustment of residential bathrooms. Referring to the criterion of appropriate ergonomic scale planning, the general design took seven principles and three supplementary provisions as the starting point to improve the use requirements of the elderly, and put forward a bathroom space that can meet the elderly's needs. Through the checklist, the paper put forward the appropriate scale suggestions and summarized the research on the general specification of residential bathroom space. It is expected that the public will pay more attention to the environmental space of the elderly and those with mobility difficulties, and appropriately improve the existing houses to meet the residential needs of the elderly, creating a “safe and comfortable home” for the home-based care of the elderly.