操作容積資料的骨骼肌肉手術模擬系統

Volume Based Simulation System for Various Surgeries of The Musculoskeletal System

廖志明(Chih-Ming Liao)

指導教授 ： 蔡明達

中原大學/工學院/資訊工程研究所/碩士(2001年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200100020

摘要

操作容積的立體顯像及手術模擬可讓臨床醫師做精確的診斷或讓外科醫師驗証及修改手術計劃，也可用來訓練住院醫師或學生。此論文的目的是開發「操作容積資料的骨骼肌肉手術模擬系統」，提供包括骨骼矯正截開，截肢等骨科及顱顏面等科手術的主要所需模擬功能。

我們藉完成下列工作來達到上述目的。

1.正規化所有容積素，使其值代表著離邊界的距離，如此便可使和傳統容積的同質面樣點需由兩容積素決定不同，只需該容積素值便可決定。而解剖結構的操作（如移動）可不受相鄰容積素影響。而模擬中藉由三個軸正規化值的操作可保持樣點的正確性，可讓手術模擬的結果得到高顯像品質。

2.開發高效率的三維解剖結構辨識法，以便對此解剖結構做移動、去除和偵測碰撞。

3.利用視線在容積的探索法，計算解剖結構內個別容積素從起始地到目的地之間所經歷的容積素，來求整體解剖結構的碰撞資訊。

4.利用辨識法將解剖結構的容積素組織改成空氣以去除解剖結構; 存在暫時記憶體後再寫入新位置以移動解剖結構。

5.發展肌肉組織對骨頭移動或去除所受影響的演算法。

6.在兩融合解剖結構上指定融合面以生成骨頭容積素。先辨識新生成的骨塊，再辨識融合的解剖結構辨識以模擬解剖結構的癒合。

關鍵字

容積視覺化 ； 骨骼肌肉系統手術 ； 三維影像為基礎的手術模擬

並列摘要

3D rendition and surgical simulation by manipulating volumes assist clini-cians to make more accurate diagnosis, surgeons to verify and modify surgical plans and, residents and students to learn surgical modalities. In this proposal, we propose a volume based simulation system for various surgeries of the musculoskeletal sys-tem including the corrective osteotomy, arthoplasty, arthroscopic surgery and am-putation. We can provide the main functions of all surgical modalities used in cra-niofacial and orthopedic departments.

We implement the following algorithms to achieve this purpose.
1.Normalizing a voxel with three values. Each value represents the distance from the voxel center to the isosurface along an axis. After the normalization, a sample point on the isosurface can be determined by only one voxel, not by a pair of neighboring voxels; an anatomic structure can be repositioned regarding its sur-rounding voxels.
By manipulating the normalized values to maintain the accuracy of the isosurface, high image quality can be rendered.

2.Using a high efficient 3D seed and flood algorithm to recognize separate anat-omic structures. As the result, we can reposition, remove and detect collisions of the structures.

3.Using a ray traversal algorithm to compute the traversal information of boundary voxels of an anatomic structure, then determine the collision condition of the structure.

4.Extending the 3D seed and flood algorithm to clear the voxels of a structure, then rewrite it to a new position for simulating the reposition of the structure.

5.Developing the algorithm which soft tissue is affected by bone move or remove.

6.Generating bone voxels between specified fusing surfaces of two structures to generate; recognizing the bone voxels, re-recognize one of the two structures to obtain a continuous separate structure.

並列關鍵字

volume visua ； 3D image based surgical simulation

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