日治時期臺灣醫療設施體系發展歷程之研究 ~以台北地區為主

Analysis the development of medical facilities and systems in Taiwan during the Japanese colonization －foucsing on Taipei area

施文堯(Wen-Yao Shih)

指導教授 ： 黃俊銘

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2002年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200200603

摘要

1895年日本治臺後，面臨嚴的重風土疾病問題，日人的高死亡率成了殖民地經營最大的阻礙。日本政府為了達成殖民之目的，除改善原有居住環境的衛生條件外，延續本國明治維新後的西醫政策，改變臺灣原有以漢醫為主的的醫療方式，逐漸建構一套完整的衛生醫療體系，並設立了相關醫療設施和研究、教學機構，奠定了臺灣百年來醫療發展之基礎。

本論文以殖民地經營的角度來探討日治時期醫療體系政策及制度的發展，以及相關醫療設施為研究的主軸。在研究上，將此時期的醫療以其設立之背景、動機分為官方醫療及民間醫療兩大類，檢视官方不同時空背景下殖民政策在醫療設施上的表現，並了解官民兩大系統醫療系統所扮演的不同角色及互動、互補的關係。並藉此釐清不同醫療體系的發展狀況、目的及醫療設施的建築表現。

由於醫療體系眾多且醫療設施遍及全台，為了對相關設施作更詳盡之探討，故選擇以殖民地發展之重心，醫療設施建構較為完善且包含最多醫療體系的臺北地區為研究範圍，來探討殖民者在臺北地區發展的過程中，醫療網絡建構的歷史。

關鍵字

臺北 ； 日治時期 ； 醫療

並列摘要

Taiwan had been suffering from severe endemic problems until the early days of Japan’s occupation. High mortality among Japanese became the major obstacle of the colonization after their landing at Taiwan in 1895. To continue their colonization, the Japanese government improved Taiwan’s sanitation and changed Taiwan’s traditional Chinese medicine by introducing western medicine from Japan’s Meiji Restoration in 1967. In addition to a complete medical and sanitation system, medical facilities as well as research and teaching institutes were also established which have provided a solid foundation for Taiwan’s medical development over the past one hundred years.

In this thesis we investigate the development of medical systems, policies, and facilities in the Japanese occupation era in the viewpoint of colony management. To conduct our research, the medicine during this period is categorized into public and private medical systems based on different backgrounds and motivations of their origination. We examine the performance of the colony policy on public medical facilities under different historical and regional backgrounds. We then study the different roles in which these two medical systems have played as well as their interaction and complementing each other. Consequently, the different development, objectives and the architecture characteristics of the medical facilities between these medical systems are clarified.

We focus our study on Taipei area while there are a large number of medical facilities distributed all over Taiwan. This is because Taipei was the center of the colonization and has better established and the most medical facilities in Taiwan. In this way the facilities are investigated in more details. Furthermore, the history of medical network connection during the development of the colony is also studied.

並列關鍵字

the Japanese occupation era ； medical ； Taipei

參考文獻

1998年〈新醫學再臺灣的實踐（1898-1906）－從後藤新平《國家衛生原理》談起〉《新史學》（第9卷第3期）

1996年〈醫學與殖民－以臺灣瘧疾研究為例〉《新史學》（第7卷第3期）

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國立台灣大學醫學院附設醫院內科部編