非營利組織員工之組織文化及領導型態認知與其工作態度關聯性之探討—以財團法人製藥工業技術發展中心為例—

Effects of Employees' Perceptions of Organizational Culture and Leadership Styles on Work Attitudes ─ A Study of Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center

薛亞敏(Ya-Min Hseuh)

指導教授 ： 吳美連

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2003年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200300167

摘要

組織文化與領導型態近年來一直是管理研究上的兩大課題，許多成功的組織都將其成就歸諸於該組織優良傳統的組織文化；而良好的領導型態是促使部屬有效工作的方法，它可集眾人之力邁向共同之目標，有云：「帶人者，應帶其心」，可見領導是一種深植人心的藝術，也是組織裡有效管理的主要因素。

本研究旨在探討組織文化、領導型態與員工工作滿意度及組織承諾度間之關係。本研究以財團法人製藥工業技術發展中心為探討對象。研究者共發出108份問卷，回收有101份有效問卷，有效問卷回收率為84%，經統計方法進行實證分析，實證結果發現如下：
一、 整體而言，組織文化與工作滿足、組織承諾有顯著相關；在本研究分析中部份獲得支持。因員工認知中心文化愈重視年資其工作滿意度愈低；而勇於創新之文化，端視其直屬主管及工作伙伴的關係。
二、 主管的領導型態與工作滿足、組織承諾有顯著相關；在本研究分析中獲得部份支持。因員工對於領導者之領導型態較傾向體恤、關懷的型態。
三、 不同的個人特徵在工作滿足、組織承諾上有顯著關聯；在本研究分析中，只有女性員工的整體工作滿足與升遷方面的滿意度高於男性；而未婚員工的工作滿足項之待遇子構面和組織承諾項之價值承諾高於已婚者，其他皆沒有顯著關聯。
四、 組織文化、領導型態與工作滿足、組織承諾上有顯著相關；在本研究實證分析中，得知僅年齡、性別二項特徵有較顯著相關。表示愈年長的員工其待遇滿意度及努力承諾度愈高；而女性員工對整體工作及升遷方面的滿意度要高於男性。

綜合上述，個案組織或其他產業界，應進一步評估適合自己採行的組織文化與領導型態，切實並完整的落實在工作中，否則就扭曲了非營利組織成立的目標與使命。

關鍵字

組織承諾 ； 員工工作態度 ； 組織文化 ； 工作滿足 ； 領導型態

並列摘要

Organizational culture and leadership styles are two major topics widely discussed in the study of business management in recent years. Many successfully managed organizations have considered their achievement resulted from well-developed organizational culture. One great leadership style in the organization can significantly catalyze the employees to work efficiently and create the perception of employee cooperation for the common goal. Leadership is one type of arts that implants deeply in hearts and is also one of the key factors that impacts the effectiveness of organization management.
The purpose of this research is to explore the relationships of organizational culture, leadership styles, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The research is based upon the survey of the employees of Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center, a non-profit organization. The retrieved valid questionnaires are calculated up to 101 of 108 copies and reach the returned rate of 84%. The conclusions are the followings:
1. In general, the organizational culture, job satisfaction and organizational commitment are significantly related, which are partially supported by the study. This is the result of which the higher perception of the seniority being emphasized in the organizational culture. Also, the successful establishment of creative type of culture depends on the relationships among the employees, the direct supervisors and the partners.
2. Leadership styles are significantly related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment, which are partially supported by the study. This is the result of which the employees intend to favor the considerate type of the leadership style.
3. Individual characteristics are significantly related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In this study, female employees show higher satisfaction to overall job satisfaction and promotion than those of male ones. Single employees show higher satisfaction to salary dimension of job satisfaction and to value commitment of organization commitment than those of married ones. On the contrary, the other factors are not significantly related.
4. Organizational culture, leadership styles and job satisfaction, and organizational commitment are significantly related. In this study, age and sex are the only two characteristics that show significant influence. This represents that the elder the employees are the higher salary satisfaction and the better hard-working commitment. Female employees show higher satisfaction of overall work and promotion than those of male ones do.

To come to a conclusion from the above, the individual organization or enterprise should evaluate whether its own organizational culture and leadership style are suitable and are well practiced. It is important for one to assure the goal and mission not being distorted for establishing a non-profit organization.

並列關鍵字

Organizational Culture ； Employee Work Attitudes ； Organizational Commitment ； Leadership Styles ； Job Satisfaction

參考文獻

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