本研究為了解在一對一晤談治療的初期階段,治療者的自我涉入對於其同理心的準確度表現,以及對於治療關係的建立有何關係,而進行的探索性研究。 研究工具採用了多種問卷及編碼方法,分析包括「行為層面自我涉入」、「認知層面自我涉入」、「情緒層面自我涉入」、「認知性同理心」、「情感性同理心」與「治療關係」等研究變項,以及其他混淆變項;各種問卷之信效度經過預試研究檢驗。正式研究受試者包括來自台大學生輔導中心、中原學生輔導中心與淡江諮商輔導組,正在進行一對一晤談的諮商員及其個案,共10組諮商員與個案參與本研究。在不操弄影響其晤談的情況下,對第三次晤談內容進行錄音,並在第三次晤談後對治療者與個案雙方分別問卷施測。採用了包括相關法、多變項GLM、F檢定等統計方式進行研究假設之檢驗。 研究結果如下:治療的初期階段,「認知層面自我涉入」較高的治療者,在「認知性同理心」的得分顯著較低;顯示治療者在認知上的個人經驗或個人聯想不利於治療者對個案處境的了解。其他對「行為層面自我涉入」、「情緒層面自我涉入」、「情感性同理心」以及「治療關係」的檢驗則皆未得到顯著結果。 本研究最後根據研究的限制以及結果的特性,對後續研究在方法學上的考量,以及本研究在治療理論上的可能意義提出討論。
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among therapist’s self involvement, the accuracy of therapist’s empathy, and therapeutic relationship in early phase. Various questionnaires and rating methods were used to measure constructs about self involvement in behavioral aspect, self involvement in cognitive aspect, self involvement in emotional aspect, cognitive empathy, affective empathy, therapeutic relationship, and confounding variables. Validity and reliability of the instruments were examined. Subjects in this study were 10 counselors from the NTU student counseling center, the CYCU student counseling center and the TKU counseling section, and their respective 10 clients. Statistical techniques, including correlation, multivariate GLM and F test were conducted to test the hypothesis. Contrary to the hypothesis, a negative relationship occurred between self involvement in cognitive aspect and cognitive empathy. No significant relationship among self involvement in behavioral aspect, self involvement in emotional aspect, affective empathy and therapeutic relationship was found. Additional study are needed to determine the effect o f self involvement in psychotherapy. Implications for research methodology and therapeutic theory are discussed.