論文摘要 私立學校的財務基礎為公益財團法人,為獨立財務個體。為提高私立學校自主性,鼓勵私立學校發展特色及促進私立學校提昇教育品質,教育部業已大幅擴展私立學校辦學自主空間,如在財務運作、經費收支方面作業程序高度允許各私校自訂內規,且編列之預算只須對董事會負責,執行上有較大彈性。一個機構財務健全與否,需視其財務制度是否適切及嚴密,因此說私立學校應有一套公正公開的財務制度,而對於其預算的編列、經費的使用及財產的管理,則應有明確的稽核制度。 台灣大學校長陳維昭表示,評鑑制度一定要做且非做不可,並可分為內部評鑑和外部評鑑,內部評鑑又比外部更重要。 由於目前私立學校並無一套公正公開的財務制度指南,以提供各學校會計 人員參考,並作為內部評鑑之標竿。故本研究主要達成下列目的:1‧探討美國 私立學校財務會計處理,與我國目前私立學校財務會計處理之差異,作為改進 之依據。2‧引用管理會計重要觀念與技術以應用於私立學校之績效管理。3‧ 利用個案分析之方式,將健全之會計處理與績效衡量方法,導入個案學校,並 探討分析所遭遇之問題及解決之建議。4‧彙總整理作為教育部制定公正公開的 財務制度之參考。 研究結果,在財務會計處理方面,比較了美國私立學校財務會計處理原則, 會計處理釋例及我國之「私立學校會計制度之一致規定」,私立學校會計處理,提出對我國會計處理之改進意見如下:1‧長、短期投資宜採成本與市價孰低法評價。2‧固定資產與營利組織會計處理相同,每年提列折舊。3‧應收款項、票據提列壞帳費用及備抵壞帳,以淨變現價值表達。其次建議行政院青年輔導委員會第三處,加強非營利組織會計人員之教育與訓練。在引用管理會計重要觀念及技術方面,本研究認為私立學校適合採用平衡計分卡、關鍵績效指標(KPI)、及作業基礎成本制度。建議個案學校採作業基礎成本制度,先導入平衡計分卡,透過平衡計分卡去釐清願景與策略,建立一套合理學生單位成本的估算模式。再制定關鍵績效指標(KPI)。
Abstract It is imperative to build an adequate accounting system, and a valid evaluation system in non-profit-organization (NPO).Unfortunately ,little attention has been paid to the issue. Starting with a discussion of the difference accounting principles between Taiwan and U.S.A. in the private school, This article attempts to provide some suggestions in improving private school,s accounting procedure, and to recommend some techniques of management accounting in private school,s performance evaluation. There are three major advices:(1)In the financial accounting : We suggest that some regulations which are adequate to profit organization could be used in NPO. First, long-term & short-term investments should be valued by LCM method. Second, fixed assets should be depreciated annually. Third, accounts receivable and notes receivable should valued by net realized value in their financial report. (2) In the educating and training of NPO,s accountant, we appeal for the assistance from National Youth Commission to improve the accomplishments of accountant in NPO. (3)In the management accounting: NPO could be applied some techniques that are used extensively in enterprise, such as the Balance Score Card (BSC)and the Activity Based Costing (ABC).