- 學位論文
可程式化植入式微電刺激器積體電路與系統設計
Integrated Circuit and Programmable System Design for Implantable Micro-stimulator
摘要
自1960年代開始，醫學上首次應用電刺激療法，用於治療中風病人行走時之垂足問題，藉由電流的刺激，幫助患者進行復健。近年來，電刺激療法除了逐漸應用於脊髓損傷患者，以幫助其進行功能性動作之復原外，在物理治療、預防疾病、甚至醫學美容上也有廣泛的應用。 由於CMOS積體電路製程技術的進步，電路元件不斷縮減尺寸，使得電刺激器之電路可以在微小的晶片面積上實現，進而使得電刺激器可以用植入式的方式呈現，用更微小的體積植入體內。而除此之外，由於CMOS製程技術的不斷演進，使用CMOS製程技術製作之生醫訊號處理積體電路，可以達到省電與低功率耗損之目的，這樣的優點亦是目前各種生醫電子產品應該把握之趨勢。 本論文提出一新型植入式微電刺激器輸出電流源及應用系統。在輸出電流源方面，採用可程式方式調整刺激電流之強度，並且在低電壓之環境下仍可正常操作，改良了既有微電刺激器輸出電流源不適合在低電壓操作之缺點。同時，為了降低傳統微電刺激器由於採用微控制器構成控制單元，而使電路複雜度提高之問題，在系統架構方面，本論文採用脈波寬度調變信號（PWM）驅動系統內部之輸出電流源，藉以改變輸出刺激電流之脈波寬度；同時又可利用改變振盪頻率的方式，改變刺激電流之週期。搭配不同波寬與頻率，可以適用於不同病患或不同病症之治療。 本論文所提之微電刺激器及系統以台灣積體電路公司（TSMC）提供之0.35μm 2P4M CMOS製程參數進行模擬，並透過CIC下線製作。
並列摘要
From 1960, electrical stimulation was begun to apply for paralysis patients, to treat their symptom of drop foot. The therapy uses stimulation of current to help these patients to rehabilitate. In these years, electrical stimulation is applied for the victims of spinal chord injuries and helps to recover the normal function. Besides, the therapy is also used in physical therapy, illness prevention and beauty treatment. Due to the progress of CMOS integrated circuit process, the circuit elements keep shrinking the size; the electrical stimulator could be realized on much smaller die area and to be implanted into human body with its tiny volume. It is easy to achieve low power consumption and power saving by using CMOS process technology to make bio-medical integrated circuit. The modern electrical products of bio-medical should hold the trend. In this thesis, we present a novel and implantable micro-stimulator design. Instead of generating the stimulating pulses by using the conventional computerized controller such as FPGA or MCU, the pulse width modulation （PWM） has been used to control the stimulation. The proposed system need not program the computerized controller, so it simplifies the circuit complexity and achieves the low-cost issue. The designed micro-stimulator chip has a 5-bits programmable current selectivity and uses pulse width modulation skill to adjust the pulse width. Besides, the system has four different stimulation frequencies to be chosen and provides normal, random, and burst stimulation pulses for the practical situation.