產銷通路整合下報童問題之訂購策略

Replenishment policy of a newsboy problem for an integrated manufacturer-retailer channel

方翠瑩(Tsuei-Ying Fang)

指導教授 ： 黃惠民

中原大學/工學院/工業工程研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500009

摘要

在現今競爭激烈的市場環境中，企業決策已由傳統局部最佳化，轉向尋求供應鏈系統之整體最佳化。因此，企業個體若只以單方的立場來考量，成本不會是整體之最佳化，唯有以共同的立場為考量，聯合成本才會是整體之最佳，雙方才可獲得最佳之長期利益，達成雙贏的局面。

本論文研究的對象主要是以單一週期存貨、生命週期固定且銷售期短暫的商品為主。研究的目的是將傳統報童問題加以擴大及深化，在傳統報童模式中加入含有不良品的條件和退貨政策的機制，來探討單期存貨決策模式對於期望利潤在製造商與零售商利潤獨立和利潤合併二種情況下之最適訂購量。論文中將針對傳統報童問題、含有不良品之存貨系統、退貨政策以及二階層存貨模式進行文獻探討，以瞭解過去學者專家在此相關領域的研究情形。研究方法主要採用存貨理論模式及相關機率與統計理論為基礎進行研究，建立問題的數學模式，並以利潤最大化為目標，運用最佳化理論找出最佳訂購量。且將以個案的例題說明本論文所建立模型的應用情形，並透過敏感度分析來瞭解影響系統之關鍵因素。從本研究模式建構、數值範例與敏感度分析中，將驗證出在通路利潤最大化模式下，有其最佳訂購數量，可使雙方之利潤均獲得改善，達到通路整合之目的。

關鍵字

退貨政策 ； 不良品 ； 報童問題 ； 供應鏈系統 ； 整體最佳化

並列摘要

In the current competitive market environment, enterprises have transformed from an independent decision to a collaborate decision strategy. This is because decisions made independently by one player will not result in global optimum. Global optimality will only be realized if the perspectives of all the players are considered.

In this research, we consider a single-period inventory of product with a fixed life cycle and short marketing period. Our study expands the classical newsboy problem to consider defective items and return policy. The optimum order quantity is derived for cases when the expect profit model in the manufacturer and the retailer are developed independent and collaboratively. Related literatures of classical newsboy problem, defective items inventory system, return policy and two-echelon supply chain integrated inventory model are reviewed. Research methodology of the model development is based on inventory theory, probability and statistic theory. The objective of this study is to derive the optimum order quantity that will maximize the total system profit. Finally, numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are carried out to illustrate the application of the model. From the models, numerical examples and sensitively analysis, it is seen that the optimal order quantity derived increases the manufacturer-retailer profit. This is in conformance with the objective of the integrated manufacturer-retailer channel.

並列關鍵字

supply chain system ； global optimum ； newsboy problem ； return policy. ； defective items

參考文獻

38. 林正凱，2004，考慮需求變動及多次訂購之回收性商品存貨模式，私立中原大學，工業工程研究所，碩士論文。

41. 黃惠民、吳玫瑩和周宗瀚，2001，損耗性商品之整合性二階存貨模式，中原學報，第二十九卷，第一期，第77-86頁。

1. Anily S., 1995, “Single-machine lot-sizing with uniform yields and rigid demands: Robustness of the optimal solution”, IEE Transaction Vol. 27, pp.633-635.

2. Ben-Daya M. and Hariga M., 2000, “Economics loe scheduling problem with imperfect production process”, Journal of the Operation Research Society, Vol. 51, pp.875-881.

3. Choi, T.M., Li, D., and Yan, H., 2004, “Optimal returns policy for supply chain with e-marketplace”, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 88, pp.205-227.