博物館展示形式的視覺滿意度研究 －以文物展示櫃為例

A Study of Visual Perception Satisfaction for the Formality of Exhibition in Museums －Tacking Exhibit Cases of Artifacts as an Example

闕嘉鴻(James C. H. Chough)

指導教授 ： 張謙允

中原大學/設計學院/室內設計研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500767

摘要

對於博物館物件的展示而言，展示櫃為其中一典型的展示方式，其目的在於建立博物館物件與觀賞者之間的溝通語言，主要功能為提供觀賞者舒適的審美環境。現今展示櫃的展示形式，是在許多展示櫃的複雜條件及其樣式交互作用下，呈現眾多各具優缺點的展示形式。然而，觀眾在展示櫃前理應如同欣賞電影的精緻畫面一般，各種展示條件應該如電影道具般被巧心安排，以提供觀賞者視覺饗宴。因此要根據種種視覺需求的條件，從眾多複雜的展示形式解析出滿意的視覺感受，顯然是一項巨大的挑戰。故本研究目的如下：（1）掌握現有博物館展示櫃之代表性展示條件；（2）提出觀賞者對展示櫃的展示形式偏好（視覺滿意度）；（3）探討觀賞者所偏好展示櫃的展示條件。

　　研究採三階段進行，首先調查現況展示櫃的情形，針對現有展示櫃的展示形式之條件分析歸納其優缺。並蒐集現況展示條件的樣式，做為建構代表性展示形式樣本的設計依據。第二階段以前階段萃取展示形式呈現之樣式，經由資料交互配對組合，利用LIGHTSCAPE 3.2進行具真實性的視覺化樣本模擬。並借助資深展示設計人員之專業，針對博物館展示設計形式，挑選出具代表性之展示形式樣本。第三階段將代表性樣本進行問卷施測，利用視覺評估指標，以空間屬性評量（PC- MDS：MDPREF）進行資料量化統計。將統計資料進行分析整理，並架構出博物館展示形式的視覺滿意度。

　　研究結果發現：（1）博物館展示櫃各主要展示條件為「照明效果」，用以突顯文物光影美感；「背景色彩」，用以強調文物的可辨度及降低視覺干擾；「背景質感」，用以與展示物產生視覺對比感受，以提昇藝術性；以及「高度型式」，用以提供舒適的觀賞角度及視野。（2）博物館展示櫃的展示形式之屬性，可以用「吸引力」→「刺激力」與「舒適性」→「價值感」之向度架構出觀眾之視覺偏好。整體展示形式滿足「吸引力」及「刺激力」較容易達到觀眾的視覺滿意度，而僅提供「舒適性」及「價值感」之展示櫃較不容易受到觀眾的視覺偏好。（3）各代表性展示條件（items）有其優勢特質，與其相互搭配運用方式，並非有特定的展示形式之條件即能使觀眾愉悅，亦非一成不變的展示計畫便可滿足觀眾視覺上的滿意度。

關鍵字

電腦模擬 ； 視覺感知 ； 多元尺度空間屬性評量 ； 博物館展示櫃 ； 展示形式

並列摘要

The exhibit case is a typical presentation for artifacts in museum, which combines various items and their categories of exhibition to reveal different formality of exhibition. The purpose of exhibit cases ought provide connoisseur to enjoy the exhibition in museums. Therefore, when the visitors stand in front of the exhibit cases, they should feel as comfortable as watching a movie, which also maintains a clear visibility. Obviously, the challenge is to provide visual perception satisfaction to the visitors in the complex formality of exhibition, based on different requirements of visual perception. Consequently, the experimental purposes include（1）to find out representational categories for different key artifacts,（2）propose for viewer's preferrence on exhibit cases, and（3）finding the preferred condition by visitors in various formality of exhibition.

　　The experiment is divided into 3 stages. At first stage, we study the condition of exhibit cases in contemporary and set typical samples in various formality of the exhibition for the next step, that needs to search and collect various items and it’s categories of exhibition in museums. The following step would operate according to collected data from the previous stage, and by using the program “lightscape 3.2” to render and simulate the typical exhibit case in its reality. At last, these sample pictures are used to estimate that which exhibit case would be suitable for the exhibition, by way of visual estimation targets. Specifically, preference statistics is compiled by “PC- MDS：MDPREF” to set a framework of visual perception satisfaction for the formality of exhibition in museums.

　　The findings are（1）the principally composed items of exhibit cases may be made up by “Lighting design” revealing esthetic sensibilities of artifacts, “background Color” improving visibility of artifacts, “background Material” providing texture contrast with artifacts, and “stature on display” providing easy vision on artifacts.（2）The attributions about the formality of exhibition in exhibit cases could be between “Attractive with Stimulative” and “Comfortable with worthily” by visitors preference in museums. In addition, “Attractive with Stimulative” might be preferred easier than “Comfortable with worthily” in exhibit cases by visitors’ visual perception.（3）Each item has its own principle advantage which influence the overall performance of the exhibition. A positive appreciation of exhibit case should be configured in properly, flexible and applicable setting. In other words, neither particular nor immutable formality of exhibition could bring satifaction and appreciation to the viewers invariably and perfectly.

並列關鍵字

Numerical Simulation ； Formality of the Exhibition ； MDPREF（Multidimensional Preference Analysis） ； Exhibit Cases of Museum ； Visual Perception

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