摘要 中國大陸近年來汽車生產量持續大幅成長,基於同文同種的優勢,台灣各家廠商紛紛轉往中國大陸投資發展。台灣的零件供應商跟隨汽車成車廠至大陸投資設廠的情況是與日俱增,此舉也造成台灣的汽車產業聚群部分移至大陸的現象。本文欲分析汽車產業近年因應產業供應鏈的形成與遷移,成車廠與供應商對供應商評選構面與準則的權重與排序是否存在著差異性進行探討。本研究採用「修正德爾菲法(Modified Delphi Method)」、「分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process)」進行分析,首先建立雛型研究架構,再以「德爾菲法問卷結果與專家建議」,確認準則間的重要度關係, 然後再以分析網路程序法確認「評估準則間之相依性」,最後以Super Decisions軟體求出構面與準則之權重與排序。研究對象主要為台灣及大陸兩地汽車產業成車廠與供應商,台灣部分選擇中華、裕隆、國瑞汽車公司及體系現有主要供應商,中國大陸部份則選擇中華汽車公司赴中國大陸投資設廠的東南汽車、福州戴姆勒汽車及裕隆汽車投資之東裕公司及其體系主要供應商。研究結果顯示台灣成車廠專家首重「產品成本」,次之為「品質一致性」與「付款條件」,台灣供應商專家首重亦是「產品成本」,次之則為「付款條件」與「交貨正確」。大陸成車廠專家首重「產品成本」,次之為「品質一致性」與「付款條件」,而大陸供應商專家首重「產品成本」,次之為「品質一致性」與「混合產品部署能力」。本研究貢獻在於從「兩端(成車廠與供應商)兩地(台灣與大陸)」的觀點進行較完整的探討,而非傳統僅由一端(成車廠)一地(台灣)的觀點進行探討。在理論基礎上則從商業生態系統觀點,探討當供應鏈轉移至大陸時所呈現之供應商評選重點的差異分析。本研究結果可提供成車廠與供應商共同比較與參考,以便縮小兩者之間的認知差異。同時,當供應鏈由台灣移轉至大陸地區並進行複製時,成車廠要對新生態系統下之供應商評選構面準則進行差異修正,以更符合新生態系統的供應商評選需求。
Abstract Recently, automotive production has highly growth in China. Due to the advantage of same language and same race, Taiwan manufacture shifts their investment in China market. The steady growth of satellite suppliers following central manufacture makes Taiwan automotive cluster transfer partly into China. This article tries to figure out the difference between perspective sorting and weighting of central manufacture and satellite supplier within industry cluster shifting & forming. This research uses “modified Delphi method” and “Analytic Network Process” to make analysis. In first, establish the raw research structure, using Delphi method to confirm the sequence of principle importance, and then using ANP to check the connection of principle evaluation. Finally, this study uses Super Decisions software to find out the dimension and principle sorting & weighting. Our main targets are the central manufacture and satellite supplier. In Taiwan, our casts are the supply chain of China Motor Corp. Yulon Motors Corp. KuoZui Motors Corp... In China, our casts are the supply chain of South East Motors Corp. Fujian Benz Automotive Co. and Dongfeng Yulon. The results indicate Taiwan automotive manufacture care product cost, quality uniform and payment condition are in sequence. Taiwan satellite supplier’s priority concern is product cost; payment condition and deliver correct are in sequence. China automotive manufacture care product, quality uniform and payment condition are in sequence. China satellite supplier’s priority concern is product cost, quality uniform and mix production arrangements are in sequence. This research contributes does not only by single view but by combination compare of manufacture and supplier. Meanwhile, this research analyses the change of business ecology system shifting to China. The result is as a reference to minimize the two areas cognitive difference. When Taiwan manufacture faces China supplier, the evaluation principle needs modification to match the requirement of local business ecology system.