摘要 領導者在組織中,除了要實行公司政策,要維持一個良善組織的運作,是很重要的,若領導者太過偏執於「利益、績效」上,且無視「社會道德責任」,將產生無法挽救的傷害,不僅影響組織成員的行為,更有可能會遭到主管機關的裁罰。而主管與部屬間,存在不可或缺的關係,領導者自身的行為直接或間接影響與部屬的關係。在許多的研究顯示,領導者擔任引領組織氣候的重要角色,若組織形成強烈的倫理氣候時,會促進組織成員的公民行為;反之則可能會導致彼此間衝突。而領導者在決議策劃組織方向時,是不是也會受到組織倫理氣候的影響,有沒有可能透過組織倫理氣候的強度來抑止矯正領導者偏離道德的決策與行為。 分析馬基維利傾向、倫理領導、組織倫理氣候、組織公民行為與部門衝突的相關文獻,並進一步探討組織倫理氣候和馬基維利傾向跟倫理領導的交互作用,最後檢驗倫理領導影響員工行為的真實效果,呈現具體之研究貢獻與建議,以供企業界及學術界參酌。本次研究共計選取736份有效問卷,其中主管問卷184份,部屬問卷552份,經實證分析結果,本研究發現: 1.馬基維利傾向對倫理領導有負向影響。 2.組織倫理氣候對倫理領導有正向影響。 3.組織倫理氣候會弱化馬基維利傾向與倫理領導的負向關係。
Abstract It’s very important that a leader can implement the policy of a company and make the organization well operate as well. If a leader clings to profit and performance without social responsibility, there will be the negative consequence which not only influence behaviors of organizational members but also cause the punishment by the authority. The relationships between the leader and subordinates are absolutely influenced by the leader’s behavior. Many studies demonstrate that leaders play the core role guiding the organizational climate. When ethical climate is possessed in the organization, it would be the antecedent to organizational citizenship behavior. Conversely, there will be the conflict between the leader and the subordinates. Are leaders influenced by ethical climate? Is it possible to restrain and correct the leaders’ decisions and behavior which are against ethics? This study is to discuss the relationships among ethical climate, machiavellianism and ethical leadership and to explore the antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership. 736 valid questionnaires (184 questionnaires from leaders and 552 from subordinates) were collected. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) Machiavellianism has a negative influence on ethical leadership. (2) Ethical climate has a positive influence on ethical leadership. (3) Ethical climate weakens the negative relationship between machiavellianism and ethical leadership.