華人社會文化系絡下領導者與追隨者行為互動類型及搭配組合之研究

A Research on Interactive Patterns and Pattern-matchings of Leader-Follower Behavior in Chinese Socio-cultural Context

王怡涵(Yi-Han Wang)

指導教授 ： 嚴奇峰

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2013.00030

摘要

本研究以心理定位(Psycho-Positioning or Relationship-Pattern Positioning)理論為基礎，提出在華人社會文化背景下領導者(主管)與追隨者(部屬)之間的相互影響關係類型及其互動行為。由於過去研究：1) 較偏重領導者的領導風格；2) 較欠缺二者配對互動關係的探討；3) 較缺乏對華人社會文化背景基礎的論辯。故本研究希望能強化這些部分，以補充領導研究之內容。
本研究透過對企業或機構管理者，來探討影響華人組織中領導人的領導風格和追隨者的追隨行為模式的因素為何。在本體論與認識論上，本研究以領導者(對下)與追隨者(對上)的對偶互動觀點，來分析不同垂直關係(上下尊卑)與水平關係(親疏遠近)定位時之行為類型與內容，並進而探討不同上下對應互動類型的搭配組合。
本研究在方法上以深度訪談(Depth Interview)方式針對各產業經理人計15人進行訪談，每人八種關係類型，共計120 種互動案例，藉由受訪者分享個人的、以及觀察他人的領導者與追隨者的情境經驗，另在某些較敏感的案例中運用投射技術(Projective Technique)方法引導領導者與追隨者來描述彼此的互動類型、內容與搭配組合。
研究結果發現並修正領導者(主管)對追隨者(部屬)的「授權、防衛、威權、栽培」四種互動類型，以及追隨者對領導者的「學習、疏離、消極、輔佐」四種互動類型。另外，在互動類型的搭配上，發現有正配對與反配對二種模式，當彼此關係為正向時，領導者與追隨者的互動行為會出現正配對的方式，但當彼此關係為負向時，領導者與追隨者的互動行為會呈現反配對的方式。這些結果調整了過去實證研究的結論，在質性上提供了更深一層的內容與理解。

關鍵字

華人社會文化系絡 ； 追隨者行為 ； 領導者行為 ； 心理定位理論

並列摘要

This study focuses on an analysis of Psycho-Positioning or Relationship-Pattern Positioning which is based on the vertical as well as the horizontal relation in a dyadic relationship and then chooses the interaction behavior when applied to the behavior of leaders and follower patterns of followers when using the interaction pattern and content in a Chinese cultural and social context. This research is departing from the past research; 1) putting more emphasis on leadership in different styles of leaders; 2) ignoring the situational condition between cultures; 3) the deficit of discussion within a Chinese contextual background. This study will complement and reinforce points from past research in leadership from the pattern-matching.
This study is an analysis of the factors that influence the behavior of leaders and followers within a Chinese context. This study examines dyadic relationships from leaders and followers viewpoints to analyze and contrast different leadership patterns and degree from leader and follower’s vertical relationship (high or low in power status) and horizontal relationship (close or estranged in relationship) when leader and follower classify each other in Chinese environment. It also mentions the pattern-matchings for leader and follower in different types of categories.
This study adopts the Depth Interview method to interview managers (15 people) in different industries. Each person shares eight types of relationship as a manager and follower. There are 120 interactive cases in total. This interview shows the interviewer’s personal point of view or other coworker’s experiences on with different leader styles and follower behaviors by Projective Technique analysis to discover the leader’s interaction pattern and degree as a manager and subordinates. It also shows the pattern-matching in the research.
The finding of this study shows that the interactive patterns from the leaders’(managers) viewpoint to the followers’ (subordinates) are delegation, precaution,
authoritarian and mentoring. Whereas the interactive patterns from the followers’viewpoint to leaders’ are apprentice, alienation, passiveness and assistance. In
pattern-matching, there are two types of relationships which are obversepattern-matching in positive trust relationship between leader and follower, and reverse pattern-matching in negative trust relationship between leader and follower.
This result provides a further context and understanding in qualitative research and adjusts the conclusion of previous empirical studies.

並列關鍵字

Psycho-positioning theory ； Leader behavior ； Follower behavior ； Chinese socio-cultural context

參考文獻

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