飼料成本極小化之最適規劃模型-以某養豬場為例

飼料成本約占養豬生產總成本之七成，是故，飼料成本之控制攸關養豬業者的競爭力。在激烈的市場競爭下，當前原料價格不斷調漲，如何加強與改善成本管理，於農企業管理者來說十分重要。本研究主要目的在於以屏東某一養豬業者為個案，建構一線性規劃模型為其做最適的飼料配方規劃，以求成本極小。本個案養豬場目前完全以業者的經驗進行飼料調配，並不符合科學的精神，所以可能存在著飼料調配無效率的可能性，亦即有時可能飼料不足導致豬隻進食量不夠影響發育；有時可能飼料過量造成浪費。本研究依據個案養豬場生產流程，在符合豬隻營養需求限制下，利用線性規劃建構豬隻生長各階段最低成本之飼料組合。根據個案現況，每頭豬食用飼料總重量，從豬隻出生至上市前約為382.85 公斤，經線性規劃後調整為366.72 公斤；飼料總成本於規劃前的4,525.45 元，調降為4,336.98 元。與未規劃前比較，每頭豬平均共可省下188.47 元，約節省4%的飼料成本。綜合以上，本研究的貢獻在於設計一套簡單又方便操作的模型，提供養豬業能以科學的方法迅速做決策。根據飼養過程中需求不同，只要將不同的參數代入模型中，即可迅速地找出最適化的飼料配方。

關鍵字

飼料調配；線性規劃；養豬場

並列摘要

Feed costs account for about 70% of the total costs of swine farming. Therefore, the control of feed costs is vital to the competitiveness of swine farmers. Under fierce market competition, the prices of raw materials are constantly on the rise and it has become very important for agribusiness managers to strengthen and improve cost management. The major purpose of this study is to build a linear programming model for swine farmer in Pingtung to minimize cost by creating a system for efficient feed allocation. The swine farm in the case study currently allocates feed based entirely on the farmers’ experience. The method is not scientific and may lead to inefficient feed allocation. That is, insufficient feed may cause insufficient intake and slow growth, and excessive feed may cause wastage. Based on the production flow of the swine farm in this case, this study used linear programming to develop a feed allocation model for each growing stage, which minimized feed costs as well as met the nutrition requirements of the swine. According to the farm records, the average total feed intake of feed per swine equals 382.85 kg before linear programming. After linear programming, the amount reduces to 366.72 kg, and the total feed cost for raising a swine from birth to market weight drops from NTD 4,525.45 to NTD 4,336.98. Compared to the cost before linear programming employed, an average of NTD 188.47 will be saved for raising each swine, which accounted for about 4% of the total feed costs. To summarize, the contribution of this study is to design a model that is simple and easy to implement, and provide swine farmers with a scientific method for quick decision-making. According to the specific needs of the feeding process, one can quickly find out the most suitable feed formula by simply inputting various parameters into the model.