兩次訂貨機會及部份補缺貨下短生命週期產品之供應鏈協調

Supply chain coordination for short-life-cycle products with two ordering opportunities and partial backorders

王望祖(Wan-Tsu Wang)

指導教授 ： 黃惠民

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/博士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2011.00028

摘要

由於生產技術進展與產品變化迅速，導致短生命週期產品生產/訂購之供應鏈管理受到相當重視。本論文提出三個延伸報童模式探討允許預留產能及部份補缺貨之短生命週期產品。在不同的合約及營收分享機制下，從製造商的預留產能零售商有第二次訂貨/補貨機會去對應消費者的不足需求。本研究分別得到不同補缺貨率下，分散式與整合式系統的最佳決策。本研究顯示不論補缺貨率大小，系統的總供應產能與補缺貨率無關。然而，當補缺貨率高於某特定值時，零售商將不會有第一次訂貨，也就是零售商喜歡所有需求都以預留產能去滿足。並顯示第一次訂購量(預留產能/選擇權)是隨補貨率增加而遞減(遞增)。本研究所推導的模式在決定補缺貨率決策上更加有彈性，而且是允許100%補缺貨模式的通式。在每一個模式中，本研究使用兩個批發價或執行價之定價策略去達到營收分享機制下的通路協調，並藉由不同營收分享比率以獲得製造商與零售商雙贏下的獲利分配。

關鍵字

報童問題 ； 供應鏈協調 ； 部份補缺貨 ； 選擇權契約 ； 營收分享 ； 退貨

並列摘要

With the rapid improvement of technology and increasing product varieties, the production/ordering management of supply chain with short-life-cycle products has been much attracting to be considered. This dissertation proposes three extended newsvendor models for short-life-cycle products considering reserved capacity and partial backorders. It has presented that the retailer has a second ordering/replenishment opportunity to meet unfilled demand from manufacturer’s reserved capacity under different contracts with revenue-sharing mechanism. This research respectively derives the optimal decisions for the decentralized and integrated systems with different backordering rates. It is shown that the total supply capacity is irrelevant to the backordering rate. However, if the backordering rate is greater than a particular value, the retailer would not place the first order, i.e., the retailer would prefer all demand to be backordered from the reserved capacity. It has revealed that the optimal first order quantity (reserved capacity/options) decreases (increases) as the backordering rate increases. The models in this study are more flexible on the decision for the backordering rate and can be generalized to the models of allowing 100% backorders. In each model, this study presents a revenue-sharing mechanism to achieve channel coordination by using two wholesale prices or one exercise price, and shows a win-win profit allocation by using different revenue-sharing rates.

並列關鍵字

Option contract ； Partial backorders ； Return ； Revenue sharing ； Newsboy problem ； Supply chain coordination

參考文獻

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