建構在鎳基基礎下之最有效益煉鋼配料平台－以w公司為例

The Most Cost Effective Raw Material Allocation Strategy Platform Based On Nickel Unit：Case Studies of Company W

沈金榮(Chin-Jung Shen)

指導教授 ： 陳筱琪

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201900869

摘要

隨著生活品質的提升，各國的不鏽鋼人均使用量不斷提升，因此不鏽鋼產業在國家經濟中扮演著舉足輕重的角色。近期不鏽鋼市場因中國大陸產能快速崛起下，導致全球產能性的供過於求，不鏽鋼成品市場競爭激烈。在鎳原料市場方面，一者因RKEF製程冶煉氧化鎳成鎳生鐵成熟，因而低純度鎳供應大增；另一則因與電動車電池逐漸轉為三元鎳，高純度鎳需求逐漸增加，以上兩點造成鎳價市場供需波動頻繁。不鏽鋼煉鋼生產過程中需使用鎳相關原料，而在上述條件衝擊下，不鏽鋼煉鋼產業經營遇到嚴苛挑戰。

本研究藉由訪談W公司理級以上主管，藉由彙整各專家訪談結果，發現在此競爭環境下，除了瞄準未來藍海市場，開發優勢鋼種，提早站穩領先地位外，眼前更重要的是維持在目前紅海的競爭優勢。

研究發現在不鏽鋼煉鋼生產過程中，原料成本佔所有成本7成，而鎳相關原料成本佔所有原料成本6成，由此可知鎳相關原料成本佔不鏽鋼生產成本非常重要的比例，因此訪談結果發現：除了向上整合，與原料廠異業聯盟、提高原料關注頻率，購入低價原料、研究廢料，煉鋼製程能力提升，增加用料彈性，促進循環經濟。更重要的是，如何將已購入原料發揮最大效益。

研究過程中，發現個案W公司原先已有其配料配置表，作為生產前之決策依據，但未與廠內原料平均成分與成本做連結，研究建議將此配料配置表架構於W公司內部原有的資訊系統上，藉由資訊系統即時處理海量數據方式，提供予決策者做最即時正確的決定，亦能減少人力作業負荷。

此外，藉由營業單位預測客戶潛在訂單，生產單位以計劃生產取代原有之訂單生產模式，縮短與客戶間交易速度，避免造成跌價損失，此點亦可提升客戶黏著度，而計畫生產之無主庫存，則由原料交易單位進行避險作業克服。

台廠不鏽鋼煉鋼廠處於目前激烈競爭條件下，不及中國大陸有礦產資源情形下，除了積極瞄準藍海市場，及早卡位，眼前更重要是將原先紅海競爭優勢放大，方可達永續經營。

關鍵字

不鏽鋼 ； 鎳 ； 煉鋼

並列摘要

With the improvement of the quality of life, the per capita consumption of stainless steel in various countries is constantly increasing, so the stainless steel industry plays a pivotal role in the national economy. Recently, the stainless steel market has experienced a rapid rise in production capacity in mainland China, resulting in oversupply of global capacity, and the stainless steel finished product market is highly competitive. In the nickel raw material market, one of the low-purity nickel supply is greatly increased due to the smelting of nickel oxide into nickel pig iron due to the RKEF process; the other is due to the gradual conversion of electric vehicle batteries to ternary nickel, and the demand for high-purity nickel is gradually increasing. The point caused the nickel price market to fluctuate frequently. In the stainless steel production process, nickel-related raw materials are required, and under the above conditions, the stainless steel steel industry is facing severe challenges.

In this study, by interviewing the supervisors of W company and above, by collecting the results of interviews with various experts, it is found that in this competitive environment, in addition to targeting the blue ocean market in the future, developing superior steel grades and establishing a leading position early, it is more important to maintain The competitive advantage of the current Red Sea.

The study found that in the stainless steel steelmaking process, raw material costs accounted for 70% of all costs, while nickel-related raw material costs accounted for 60% of all raw material costs. This shows that nickel-related raw material costs account for a very important proportion of stainless steel production costs, so the interview found that : In addition to upward integration, alliance with raw material plants, increasing the frequency of raw material attention, purchasing low-cost raw materials, researching waste, improving steelmaking process capacity, increasing material flexibility and promoting circular economy. More importantly, how to maximize the benefits of purchased raw materials.

During the research, it was found that the case W company had its own ingredient allocation table as the basis for decision-making before production, but it was not linked with the average composition and cost of the raw materials in the factory. The research suggested that the ingredient allocation table should be built in the W company. In the information system, the information system instantly processes massive amounts of data, providing decision makers with the most immediate and correct decisions, and reducing the workload of manpower.

In addition, by forecasting the customer's potential orders by the business unit, the production unit replaces the original order production mode with the planned production, shortens the transaction speed with the customer, and avoids the loss of the price. This also enhances the customer's adhesion, and the production is planned. If there is no main inventory, it will be overcome by the raw material trading unit for hedging operations.

The Taiwanese stainless steel steelmaking plant is under the current fierce competition conditions. In the case of mineral resources in mainland China, in addition to actively targeting the blue ocean market and early card slots, it is more important to enlarge the original competitive advantage of the Red Sea in order to achieve sustainable operation.

並列關鍵字

stainless steel ； nickel ； steel making

參考文獻

1. 孫本初(2001)，公共管理(196 頁)，台北：智勝，2001