漢語與印尼語人稱頂替現象對比研究

近來人稱頂替結構之研究成為語言學中新興的議題。從衍生句法角度的出發之人稱頂替結構之研究最初起始於Collins, Moody, and Postal （2008）。此現象係指用第三人稱名詞組（NP）或限定詞組（DP）來指涉第一或第二人稱之對象。本論文從跨語言的角度來分析人稱頂替結構，將漢語與印尼語裡之此類結構做一系統化的對比。此研究之進行，以具人稱頂替結構之句子為主要語料，並透過詳細的觀察進行分析。由Wang（2014）和Kaufman（2014）分別對於漢語和印尼語之人稱頂替結構分析為基礎，本研究著手比較兩種語言間具頂替特性之限制詞組結構與一般限制詞組結構之差異，得出漢語頂替限制詞組之結構基本上與一般限制詞組相似；而印尼語頂替限制詞組與一般限制詞組則具不同的結構詞特性。然而在觀察與分析的過程中，發現Kaufman所提出印尼語人稱頂替結構的分析無法解釋某些語言事實。據此，本論文提出了另一種分析，將印尼語的人稱頂替結構視為一般限制詞組，而其中心語則為具第一或第二人稱屬性之空代詞。如此便可處理前人分析所面臨到的問題。為了充實論據，本論文從句法形態方面再次對比漢語和印尼語人稱頂替限制詞組之內部結構。同時也從語意及語用角度分析比較兩種語言人稱頂替結構相對於語言表達禮貌機制方面之不同。此研究的結果預期對文獻裡較不受關注之漢語與印尼語人稱頂替結構的區別以及相關研究能有所貢獻。

關鍵字

人稱頂替；漢語；印尼語；對比；人稱代詞；禮貌

並列摘要

The study of imposters has been developed as an emerging research topic in linguistics in recent years. The term imposter, which was first introduced by Collins, Moody, and Postal (2008), refers to sentence patterns in which 3rd person NPs or DPs are used to denote the speakers (1st person) and/or the addressees (2nd person). The present study attempts to analyze imposters from the cross-linguistics perspective by comparing the imposter and imposter-like constructions particularly from Chinese and Indonesian. In order to conduct the study, sentences with imposters are collected as the main data and investigated through a detailed observation and analysis. On the basis of the previous analyses of imposters in Chinese and Indonesian by Wang (2014) and Kaufman (2014), respectively, the present study begins with a comparison between the internal structures of imposter DPs and other regular DPs in both languages. It can be seen that Chinese imposter DPs are conceptually similar with regular ones, while Indonesian imposter DPs are morphologically distinct with the regular ones. However, the analysis of Indonesian imposter DP structure proposed by Kaufman is not unproblematic as few problems are noted during investigation. For this reason, this thesis attempts to propose an alternative analysis, suggesting that the Indonesian imposter construction is basically an ordinary DP with a null pronoun bearing the 1st or 2nd local person feature being merged in the head position. It is shown that the new proposed analysis can deal with the problems from the previous analysis. In order to substantiate the proposed analysis, the comparison of imposters with respect to the syntactical patterns and internal structures between Chinese and Indonesian is conducted. Furthermore, the comparison of Chinese and Indonesian imposters with respect to the politeness purpose is also carried out from the semantic and pragmatic perspectives. The result of this study is expected to unveil the curtain of the differences between Chinese and Indonesian imposters, which seems to have drawn little attention in the literature, and thus makes contribution to the future relevant research in the field.

並列關鍵字

imposter ； Chinese ； Indonesian ； comparison ； DP ； pronoun ； politeness

參考文獻

Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Carnie, A. (2007). Syntax: A Generative Introduction. Carlton: Blackwell Publishing.

Chomsky, N. (1981). Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.

Cinque, G. (2005). Deriving Greenberg’s universal 20 and its exceptions. Linguistic Inquiry, 36, 315–332.

Cole, P., Hermon, G., & Huang, C. T. J. (2001). Long-distance reflexives: The state of the art. Syntax and Semantics, 33.

國際替代計量

漢語與印尼語人稱頂替現象對比研究

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