代理孕母法制正當性之法理研究與探討

摘要隨著科技的日新月異，人工生殖技術日益精進，人工生殖之目的已經由治療不孕演變為創造生命，衍生的問題也就層出不窮。然若由人文法律層面進而觀之，所交叉涉及之議題遍及於憲法、醫事法、親屬法與民法等領域，影響層面無遠弗屆，如何在面對新問題的同時，將舊規範加以整理、歸納、釐清及對新規範的需求程度加以評估、衡量、解析，是一項迫切的任務。其次，所採的研究方法是歷史分析法與文獻分析法，資料範圍主要以二手文獻為第一階段之篩選來源，包含國內期刊及碩士論文中與法學原理有關之內容，另輔以Google Scholar等網路資料庫以及網路新聞之報導資料，交叉比較與彙整。蒐集研究人工生殖技術、代孕人工生殖、憲法上基本權利與人性尊嚴、父母子女身分法上認定等，並以代孕為中心，作一文獻學說的統整。接著探究當前代理孕母在我國議題發展之現況，立法之可能性以及社會風氣之支持狀況。爾後從釋憲觀點出發，評析代理孕母在人性尊嚴、生育權、隱私權、家庭自主權、自我決定權等各項憲法保障人皆生而具有之基本權利中，代理孕母可能產生哪些憲法適用之衝突與矛盾，其中當然也不能遺漏私法自治中的重要原則，亦即契約自由對於個人權利自主性的放棄是否符合憲法規範的探討。另外會再進一步探討代孕行為其中相關成員包含胎兒、代理孕母以及委託受孕夫妻在各項行為中的憲法基本權利，並檢視人工生殖法之立法需求與在我國施行之合憲性，最後輔以國外代孕各案例與施行現況以評估並考量代孕立法之可能性與未來發展。

關鍵字

關鍵詞：代理孕母、人性尊嚴、隱私權、自我決定權、契約自由、代孕契約

並列摘要

ABSTRACT With the rapid development of technology, artificial reproduction technology is becoming more and more sophisticated. The purpose of artificial reproduction has evolved from the treatment of infertility to the creation of life, and the problems arising therefrom are emerging. However, if we look at it from the perspective of humanities and laws, the cross-cutting issues cover the fields of constitution, medical law, kinship law and civil law. It has an influential level. How to sort out the old norms while facing new problems It is an urgent task to summarize, clarify, and assess, measure, and analyze the degree of demand for new standards. Secondly, the research methods adopted are historical analysis and literature analysis. The scope of the data mainly uses second-hand literature as the first stage of the screening source, including the expansion of domestic journals and master thesis content related to legal principles, supplemented by Google Scholar Cross-comparison and compilation of online database and online news reports. Collect and study artificial reproduction technology, surrogate artificial reproduction, constitutional basic rights and human dignity, identification of parents and children's identity law, etc., and take surrogacy as the center to make a unified doctrine of literature. Then explore the current status of the development of surrogate mothers in Taiwan, the possibility of legislation and the status of social support. From the point of view of constitutional interpretation, the surrogate mother may be born in the basic rights of human dignity, childbearing rights, privacy, family autonomy, self-determination and other constitutional guarantees. Of the conflicts and contradictions to which constitutions are applied, of course, one cannot omit the important principle in the autonomy of private law, that is, whether the freedom of contract to give up the autonomy of individual rights conforms to the constitutional norms. The study will further explore the surrogacy behavior, where the relevant members include the fetus, the surrogate mother, and the couple ’s basic constitutional rights in various acts, and examine the legislative requirements of the artificial reproduction law and the constitutionality of the implementation in China, and finally supplemented by The cases and implementation status of surrogacy abroad to evaluate and consider the possibility and future development of surrogacy legislation.