實驗設計法進行棕櫚油轉酯化生質柴油之因子設計分析及最佳化

Analysis of Variances and Optimization of the Transeterification of Palm Oil to Biodiesel Fuel by Experimental Design Methodology

陳怡真(Yi-Jen Chen)

指導教授 ： 鍾財王

中原大學/工學院/化學工程學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700570

摘要

中文摘要

本實驗是利用回應曲面法來製備生質柴油，除找出最佳條件得到高產率的製程方法之外，並探討各因子之間的影響關係。觸媒及甲醇是轉酯化反應中主要的反應物，但對於不同的原料油有不同的比例。油品中的游離脂肪酸會與鹼觸媒反應而生成皂化物，因而產率下降，文獻中也提到反應中若有水分的存在亦會讓皂化反應產生，所以，適當觸媒取量會決定整個轉酯化反應結果及油品品質。時間對於黏度及產率是沒有影響的，時間越長會讓轉化趨於平緩，無法提昇產率及降低黏度；氫氧化鈉量越多會使得產率增加，但過多的觸媒會與游離脂肪酸反應生成皂化物，所以產率下降，並使得黏度上升；而甲醇量越多，當然其產率會越大，但氫氧化鈉溶於甲醇時會產生水分，此時，轉酯化反應有水分的存在會促使皂化物的生成，而多餘未反應甲醇若無法完全蒸餾出來，在水洗的步驟中會將多餘的甲醇及觸媒洗出，但也由於最後的水洗步驟而產生皂化物。由回應曲面法得最佳化的反應時間為90分鐘，油與甲醇莫耳數比為1：8.4，觸媒量是甲醇的1.5 wt %，產率為95.6 wt %。

關鍵字

皂化反應 ； 回應曲面法 ； 生質柴油 ； 轉酯化反應

並列摘要

Abstract

In this study, Response Surface Methodology was used to find out the processing optimization conditions and to discuss the interaction between the factors. The amounts of catalyst and methanol are the important factors in the transesterification reaction as well as the ratio for raw materials. The free fatty acid (FFA) in the oil will react with alkali-catalyst to produce soap. As water presented in the reaction, the yield is decreased also as shown in the literature. Therefore the small amount of catalyst will affect the quality of biodiesel. The factor of reaction time is unaffected on the viscosity and the yield of the oil. When the reaction time is increased, it can’t increase the yield and decrease the viscosity. However, more catalyst of NaOH in the reaction will increase the yield, but the soap formation increased also. When the catalysts react with FFA which will decrease the yield and increase the viscosity. The yield of methyl ester is directly proportional to the amounts of methanol. As NaOH dissolved in the methanol, it will produce water, which will promote soap reaction in the transesterification reaction. It also produces soap in final washing step for washing out the excess of methanol. The optimization conditions is 90 mins of reaction time, the molar ratio of oil to methanol is 1:8.4, the amounts of catalyst is 1.5 wt%, which correspond to the yield of biodiesel of 95.6 wt%.

並列關鍵字

Response Surface Methodology ； Soap ； Biodiesel ； Transesterification

參考文獻

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