利用資料包絡法建立國家科技研發效率評估模型之研究

Using Data Envelopment Analysis to Establish the Efficiency of National Scientific and Technological R & D Study of Evaluation Model Study

陳美華(Chen-Mei Hwa)

指導教授 ： 許通安

中原大學/商學院/資訊管理研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201000233

摘要

研發之效率評估比起一般組織效率或員工績效考評困難，研發績效要較長的時間才能顯現，對營利組織而言，研發績效必須等到產品上市後形成經濟利益時才能評估；對非營利組織而言，研發成果有些是看不到的，僅能就可視部份進行衡量。本研究以投入/產出觀點建構國家研發效率評估模型，並以量化數據分析三十五個國家二零零五年至二零零七年間科技研發效率與生產力變動之移動軌跡。
研究結果顯示，影響國家研發效率之關鍵指標，在投入面指標為GDP、研發經費、研發人力與科技教育數；在產出面影響效率值的指標為專利數、本國居民專利核准數、智慧財產權數、基礎研究成果及科技研究成果。各無效率之國家以研發人力與研發經費之資源投入浪費最嚴重。經由敏感度分析，發現「科技教育」為影響科技研發效率之關鍵投入變因，每個國家對「科技研究」的產出一樣重視，是不能被忽略的產出項指標。除美、英、日、韓、德國等屬於高度發展且技術快速發展的國家外，巴西、斯洛伐克、馬來西亞、荷蘭、波蘭、加拿大及比利時，這些國家因對資源的最佳配置，其科技研發效率與生產技術皆快速發展。而台灣與新加坡雖然資源配置不適當造成效率不佳，但是生產技術進步快速，可視為具有潛力之國家。中國雖然效率佳，但生產力變動慢，有待技術創新，方能保持優勢地位。而法國、瑞士、西班牙等10個國家，經營績效平平且發展緩慢，屬於不具競爭優勢與技術優勢之國家。對於對於資源十分有限的後進國家，將資源管控得當，亦可提昇科技研發效率。

關鍵字

資料包絡分析 ； 國家競爭力 ； 科技研發效率

並列摘要

Assess the efficiency of R & D efficiency than the general organization or staff performance appraisal difficulties, R & D performance to be a long time to appear, on the for-profit organizations, R & D performance have to wait until after the market only when the formation of economic interests Assessment; on non-profit organization words, R & D results and some can not see, can only be measured on the visual part. In this study, input / output point of view the national R & D efficiency evaluation model construction and data analysis to quantify the 35 countries from 2005 to 2007 R & D efficiency and productivity between the changes in trajectories.
The results showed that affect the efficiency of national R & D of key indicators, indicators in the input side domestic product(GDP), total expenditure on R & D , total R & personnel nationwide per capita and the number of science and technology education; side affect efficiency in the output value of indicators for the patent productivity, patents granted to residents, intellectual property rights、basic research and technological research Ttotal expenditure on R & D and total R & personnel nationwide per capita are the most serious waste in inefficiency of the national. Through sensitivity analysis, found that "education" to affect the efficiency of the key R & D input variables, each country's "research" in as much output, can not be ignored output indicators. In addition to the United States, Britain, Japan, Korea, Germany, is a high technology development and rapid development of the country, the Brazil, Slovakia, Malaysia, Netherlands, Poland, Canada and Belgium, these countries due to the optimal allocation of resources, the efficiency of its R & D and production technology are rapidly. Taiwan and Singapore to inappropriate allocation of resources caused by inefficient, but the rapid progress in production technology, can be regarded as a potential state. Although the efficiency of China's good, but slow productivity change, to be technological innovation, can only maintain a superior position. France, Switzerland, Spain and other 10 countries, operating performance was flat and slow growth are non-competitive and technical advantages of countries. The resources are very limited for the less advanced countries control the resources properly, can enhance R & D efficiency.

並列關鍵字

R&D Efficiency ； Data Development Analysis ； Competitiveness of National

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