錫-銻-鎳三元系統相平衡與錫-銻-(鎳)/鎳界面反應

Phase Equilibria of the Sn-Sb-Ni Ternary System and Interfacial Reactions in Sn-Sb-(Ni)/Ni Couples

陳岳廷(Yue-Ting Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳志吉

中原大學/工學院/化學工程研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201100594

摘要

Sn-Sb銲料為目前已被使用之高溫無鉛銲料，而Ni是已知材料中，與銲料反應性最差的金屬，常被使用做為元件之表面鍍層。本研究以Sn-Sb-Ni系統為主軸，探討其相平衡關係與界面反應。在Sn-Sb-Ni三元系統於270oC下之相平衡研究中，共決定出12個單相區、21個兩相區，以及10個三相區。其中發現一個三元相，根據組成可標示為Ni(Sn1-x, Sbx)3，x=0.52-0.76，其結構與CoSb3相同，皆為方鈷礦(skutterudite)化合物，是良好的熱電材料。Ni3Sn2與NiSb由於結構相同，會形成一連續相。根據本研究之結構鑑定結果，Ni3Sn與Ni3Sb於270oC下不會形成連續相，與文獻中之結果不同，且Sn於Ni3Sb中之最大溶解度高達14.9at.%以上，所佔比例可高於Sb。由於Sn-Sb-Ni三元合金是富有潛力之鋰離子電池負極材料，本研究亦探討Sn-Sb-Ni三元系統於800oC下之相平衡關係。其中有5個單相區、5個兩相區以及兩個三相區。沒有發現三元相，而Ni3Sn2與NiSb仍會形成連續相。
界面反應之研究整體看來，Sn-Sb/Ni與Sn/Ni界面反應結果類似。Sn-5wt.%Sb/Ni與Sn-10wt.%Sb/Ni之液/固反應生成Ni3(Sn, Sb)4相之活化能分別為23.0與27.6 kJ/mol；固/固反應生成Ni3(Sn, Sb)4相之活化能分別為52.0與52.8 kJ/mol。Sn-5wt.%Sb/Ni之反應速率高於Sn-10wt.%Sb/Ni。
有鑑於本研究中發現之三元相- Ni(Sn1-x, Sbx)3富有相當的應用價值，本研究以界面反應法，搭配所決定出之Sn-Sb-Ni三元相圖，合成此熱力學穩定之三元相。於Sn-Sb合金添加微量Ni，在270oC下與Ni基材反應，可成功合成Ni(Sn1-x, Sbx)3相。

關鍵字

界面反應 ； 錫-銻-鎳 ； 相平衡

並列摘要

Sn-Sb based alloys are the most promising high temperature Pb-free solders. Nickel is the widely used surface finish for electronic packaging. Sn-Sb/Ni is the frequently encountered contact in electronic products. This study investigates the phase equilibria of the Sn-Sb-Ni ternary system and the interfacial reactions in Sn-Sb-(Ni)/Ni couples.
　　The isothermal section of the Sn-Sb-Ni ternary system at 270oC is experimentally determined in this study. There are 10 three-phase, 21 two-phase, and 12 single-phase regions. A ternary compound, Ni(Sn1-x, Sbx)3, is found, where x=0.52-0.76. The Ni(Sn1-x, Sbx)3 phase is with the structure of the CoSb3 phase, which is a skutterudite compound. Ni3Sn2 and NiSb form a continuous phase. In the isothermal section of the Sn-Sb-Ni ternary system at 800oC, there are two three-phase, five two-phase, and five single-phase regions. Ni3Sn2 and NiSb also form a continuous phase.
　　The Sn-Sb/Ni interfacial reaction is similar to that of Sn/Ni. The main reaction phase is the Ni3(Sn, Sb)4 phase. For liquid/solid interfacial reactions, activation energies are 23.0 and 27.6 kJ/mole in Sn-5wt.%Sb/Ni and Sn-10wt.%Sb/Ni couples, respectively. For solid/solid interfacial reactions, activation energies are 52.0 and 52.8 kJ/mole in Sn-5wt.%Sb/Ni and Sn-10wt.%Sb/Ni couples, respectively. The reaction rate in the Sn-5wt%Sb/Ni couple is faster than that of the Sn-10wt%Sb/Ni. By adding small amount of Ni in the Sn-Sb solders, the ternary compound Ni(Sn1-x, Sbx)3 can be formed via the Sn-Sb-(Ni)/Ni interfacial reactions.

並列關鍵字

phase equilibria ； Sn-Sb-Ni ； interfacial reaction

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