探討不同時期航空業者安全文化之交互作用

Investigating the Interactions of Safety Culture of a Taiwan Airline in Different Times

潘旻羣(Min-Chun Pan)

指導教授 ： 蕭育霖

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202100905

摘要

「安全第一」是任何交通運輸業都秉持的管理核心。而在航空運輸業中，安全文化對於意外事件的潛在影響已普遍獲得認同，國際民航組織(ICAO)在其安全管理手冊中提到，業者對於安全文化的掌握，是影響安全管理系統優劣的關鍵因素。根據我國國家運輸安全調查委員會統計，安全文化是重大事故常見的肇因之一。因此本研究欲探討相差七年後，同一業者在不同時期的安全文化交互影響關係是否產生變化，據以探討提升安全文化之長期管理策略。本研究共使用三種安全文化架構，分別為學者Reason提出的次文化架構、ICAO提出的安全管理系統架構(SMS)以及安全文化架構(SMM-SC)。研究使用結構方程模式(SEM)探討構面之間影響程度的變化。結果顯示，Reason次文化架構中，差異主要體現在「彈性文化」對「公正文化」的影響幅度。SMS架構中，差異較大者為「安全政策與目標」對「安全保證」，以及「安全風險管理」對「安全促進」。在SMM-SC架構中，除了「信息」對「意識」的影響程度呈現小幅降低之外，其餘都呈現上升的趨勢。安全文化需要長時間的培養塑造，以確保安全落實於公平、公正且公開的核心價值。此研究成果作為我國民航業者安全文化研究之一部，呈現出安全文化長期性變化情形。未來可以此為鑑，考量強化安全文化之策略方案，以促進航空安全管理之發展。

關鍵字

航空運輸 ； 安全文化 ； 安全次文化 ； 安全管理系統 ； 結構方程模式

並列摘要

Safety First is the core of the whole transportation industry. For air transportation, the potential impact of safety culture to accidents and incidents has been widely recognized by the industry and the academia. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has highlighted in its Safety Management Manual (SMM) that the status of safety culture is a key factor affecting the quality of a Safety Management System (SMS). According to the Taiwan Transportation Safety Board (TTSB), safety culture is one of the common causes of aviation accidents. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether the interactive relationships between safety cultures of the same company change in different periods of time. The purpose is to enhance the long-term management strategy of safety culture. In this study, three conceptual frameworks were adopted to deconstruct the safety culture. First one is the subcultural framework proposed by Reason. The second and the third one are based on the four components of Safety Management System (SMS) and the safety culture elements (SMM-SC) proposed by ICAO respectively. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to investigate the degree of influences between the safety culture components. The results indicated that the substantial difference among the influences in the Reason sub-cultural framework was the "Flexible culture " versus the "Just culture". In the SMS framework, two influential paths that changed after years were found: "Safety Policy and Objectives" versus "Safety Assurance" and "Safety Risk Management" versus "Safety Promotion". In the SMM-SC framework, the influence of "Information" to "Awareness" decreased slightly while others remained steady. Safety culture is a long-term endeavor to ensure that safety management is implemented with the core values of fairness, equity and openness. This study is one of the long term safety culture investigation in Taiwan to argue the chronological variation. The aviation transportation industry could be beneficial from this long term research to strengthen the management strategy of safety culture, so as to promote a solid foundation for safety management.

並列關鍵字

Air Transportation ； Safety Culture ； Safety Sub-Culture ； Safety Management System ； Structural Equation Modeling

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