區域政策力與區域環境力對區域永續度影響之研究－以中國大陸台商布局五大密集經濟區域之比較分析

中國大陸於經濟騰達之際，帶動東部沿海區域發展逐漸成熟，然為平衡東西部區域經濟發展，政府便擬定一系列「保成長、擴內需、調結構」之區域發展戰略，中國大陸進而由「單一城市」轉向「區域整合」發展。此外，儘管中國大陸近年經濟快速騰飛，然在過度追求經濟成長的狀況下，外部開始出現過度投資、環境汙染、產能過剩等負面效應，促使漂亮的成長數字不再是政府的首要目標，取而代之則是開始強調生態文明的重要性。並透過實施新的環境政策及國家發展規劃，帶動「唯發展論」的中國大陸轉向「永續發展」。然在政策環境推移轉變下，台商布局中國大陸從過去的低成本優先，轉向以中國大陸之政策驅動為布局依據，布局區域亦從沿海逐漸搬遷至內陸，推動整體均衡發展。有鑑於上述理由，本研究依據相關研究與文獻探討，希冀以中國大陸台商布局五大密集經濟區域（珠三角經濟區、長三角經濟區、環渤海經濟區、西三角經濟區、中三角經濟區）之台商為本研究對象，探討區域政策力、區域環境力及區域永續度之關係。經過本研究彙整選出相關變數，將區域政策力分為「政策執行力」及「政府聯結力」兩大構面；區域環境力分為「社會環境」、「經營環境」、及「投資環境」三大構面；並將區域永續度以「自主創新能力」、「資源聚集能力」、「科技研發實力」、「區域發展潛力」及「環境保護能力」五項評估指標來探討之。同時針對中國大陸台商布局五大密集經濟區域之區域政策力、區域環境力及區域永續度進行比較。本研究以發放問卷之方式，共回收199份有效問卷並進行相關之統計分析，最終彙整出以下五大結論： 1. 區域政策力與區域環境力有顯著相關，顯示該經濟區環境之發展程度，取決於政府對經濟區之政策執行與聯結力度，然企業在布局時，除考量該區域之基礎建設等環境外，應更注重政府對該經濟區之政策執行及支持力度。 2. 區域政策力對區域永續度有顯著影響，顯示各經濟區域之政策能因地制宜且有效的執行與落實，方能促進總體環境的成長及區域之永續發展。 3. 區域環境力對區域永續度有顯著影響，得知區域之國際接軌程度及總體社會治安良善程度與環境保護意識強弱有關，總體環境發展也影響資源投入能力。 4. 台商產業類型對區域政策力、區域環境力與區域永續度無顯著干擾效果，顯示各區域永續發展程度，並不會因其產業類型不同而有差異，但不論什麼產業類型之企業，都應以「區位布局」為主要重點考量。 5. 中國大陸台商布局五大密集經濟區域在區域政策力、區域環境力及區域永續度上有顯著差異，且無論在區域政策力、區域環境力及區域永續度等方面，台商一致認為「長三角經濟區」優於其餘四大經濟區。

關鍵字

區域經濟板塊；區域政策力；區域環境力；區域永續度

並列摘要

The great performance of economic prosperity prospers the eastern coastal area of China by the rapid development. Government has generated the various strategies to balance the regional economic development which include maintaining growth, expanding domestic demand and adjusting structure. The relevant cooperate governance in China referred to the evolution of the city forms which turned the single city into regional integration. However, the effects of pursuing rapid growth of economic driven the negative impacts on the externality that involved overinvestment, environmental pollution and excess capacity. As a result, the environmental issues concerned government that the risk of harm from strategies which chosen by government. Consequently, nation formulated new strategies and policies to promote the sustainable development. Under the transition of the policy, the Taiwanese businessmen have changed layout from cost strategy to the policy-driven. To promote balanced development, the layout area has also moved from the coast to inland. As mentioned previously, the purpose of this study was based on the Taiwanese businessmen in five intensive economic regions in China(Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, the Bohai Rim, Western Triangle and Central Triangle) as research object. It then goes on to discuss the relationship between regional policy, regional environment and regional sustainability. Refers to the data consolidation, the variables are relevant to the regional policy which include “policy execution” and government linkage”. Furthermore, the regional environment is classified into three major dimensions, (a)social environment, (b) business environment and (c) investment environment. On the other hand, the regional sustainability in this study is composed of sections relevant to “independent innovation capability”, “resource aggregating ability”, “technology R&D strength”, “regional development potential” and “environment protection capability”. In addition, one objective of this research study is to discuss the relationships among regional policy, regional environment and regional sustainability of the five intensive economic regions in China. This report adopts the relevant statistics to assess the assumptions between the variables and this study offer the data analysis by examining the primary data. The total number of respondents are 199 , there are five conclusions below: 1. Regional policy is significantly related to regional environment, representing that the degree of environment development of the region depends on the government's policy execution and linkage. However, in addition to consider the infrastructure of the region, more attention should be paid to the government's policy execution and support for the region during the layout of the enterprise. 2. Regional policy is significantly positive effects on regional sustainability, representing that policies in all regions should be implemented in accordance with local conditions, in order to promote the growth of the overall environment and the sustainable development of the region. 3. Regional environment is significantly positive effects on regional sustainability, It is known that the degree of international integration and the overall goodness of public security of the region are related to the awareness of environment protection. The overall environment development also affects the ability of invest resources. 4. The type of Taiwanese industry has no significantly interference effects on regional policy, regional environment and regional sustainability. It shows that the sustainable development of each regions will not be different to each types of industries, all should be based on the "location layout" as the main focus. 5. There are significantly difference in regional policy, regional environment and regional sustainability in five intensive economic regions in China, and Taiwanese businessmen are consistent in terms of regional policy, regional environment and regional sustainability. It is considered that the "Yangtze River Delta" is superior to the other four economic regions.