巴哈清唱劇作品BWV80之神學意涵研究

巴哈(Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685-1750)出生於德國艾森納赫(Eisenach)的音樂世家，他是巴洛克時期德國的代表作曲家，亦為路德會敬虔的信徒。他延續了馬丁路德的神學核心思想「因信稱義」，在巴哈的許多作品中可看出他與路德在聖樂上堅守的本質相同，聖樂中堅守神的道，而非個人主觀情緒的抒發、宣揚基督十架救恩、強調三一真神、表達「因信稱義」的福音、樂以載道以音樂承載信息。　　巴哈一生創作三百多首清唱劇(Cantata），教會清唱劇成為了德國教會禮儀中重要音樂功能的樂曲，內容出自聖經與聖詠，目的為展現基督教福音內容。《上帝是我堅固堡壘》(Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, BWV80)為十月三十一日宗教改革紀念日所用的清唱劇，以馬丁路德所作著名聖詠合唱《上帝是我堅固堡壘》為中心，由聖詠清唱劇的型態構成，全曲共八首。　　文中探討巴哈生平與信仰、清唱劇起源與發展、馬丁路德的音樂觀與崇拜觀，並透過樂曲的歌詞含意、音樂結構與創作手法探悉此作品之神學與音樂意涵。

關鍵字

巴哈；馬丁路德；清唱劇；聖詠；聖樂

並列摘要

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was born in a family of music in Eisenach, Germany. He was the representative composer of Germany during the Baroque period and a devout believer of the Lutheran Church. He continued Martin Luther’s theological core idea of "justification by faith". In many of Bach’s works, it can be seen that he and Luther insisted on the same essence in sacred music. The expression of personal subjective emotions, preaching the salvation of Christ on the cross, emphasizing the Triune God, expressing the gospel of "justification by faith", and carrying the message with music. Bach created more than 300 cantatas throughout his life. Church cantatas have become important musical functions in German church rituals. The content is derived from the Bible and chants, and the purpose is to show the content of the Christian gospel. "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("God is my strong fortress" , BWV80) is an cantata used for the anniversary of the Reformation on October 31, based on the famous choral "God is my strong fortress" by Martin Luther the center is composed of the choral cantata type, with a total of eight songs in total. The article explores the life and beliefs of Bach, the origin and development of cantata, Martin Luther's view of music and worship, and explores the theological and musical meaning of this work through the meaning of the lyrics, music structure and creative techniques of the composition.