從巴哈“c小調第二號組曲BWV 826”檢視巴哈鍵盤組曲創作之變化

巴哈(Johann Sebastian Bach)“c小調第二號組曲”(Partita No.2 in c minor BWV 826)創作於1727年，1731年與其它五首組曲編輯出版“鍵盤練習曲第一冊”(Clavier-Übung Part I)。其鍵盤組曲之創作起自“英國組曲”(English Suites BWV 806-811)，“法國組曲”(French Suites BWV 812-817)與“組曲”(Partitas BWV 825-830)繼之，作曲年代自1715年至1731年，橫跨威瑪時期(Weimar Years)、柯登時期(Cöthen Years)及萊比錫時期(Leipiz Years)三時期。這三套組曲遵循德式古典組曲的形式，雖有義式或法式風格之舞曲穿插其中，終究是屬於巴哈之德式語法。巴哈在創作的過程中，善長依循傳統再加以變化之手法，在舞曲組曲的創作上再度得以印證。以第二號組曲爲例，採用交響曲(Sinfonia)做爲引導樂曲、阿勒曼舞曲(Allemande)之拍號、薩拉邦舞曲(Sarabande)之節奏、輪旋曲(Rondeau)與隨想曲(Capriccio)此二首非舞曲之選用及缺少吉格舞曲(Gigue)作爲終止舞曲，以上皆爲此首組曲異於傳統組曲形式所造成之特色。因此，在此組曲中，體驗到巴哈在傳統古典組曲結構與大幅使用賦格與模進之創作手法下，融合創新之組曲內容與選曲，經由早期英國組曲至此組曲中之創作演變，以自己的語法巧妙的合而爲一。

關鍵字

鍵盤練習曲第一冊；巴哈第二號組曲；巴哈c小調組曲

並列摘要

Bach's Partita No.2 in c minor BMV 826 was composed in 1727, and then in 1731, along with 5 other Partitas, published ”Clavier-Übung Part I”. His keyboard suite composition was created starting with ”English Suites BWV 806-811”, followed by ”French Suites BWV 812-817” and ”Partitas BWV 825-830”, with the composing era between the years of 1715 to 1731, and spanning the three periods of Wiemar Years, Cöthen Years, and Leipiz Years. The three sets of music compositions, although intermixed with touches of Italian and French music forms, adheres largely to the German classical music suites, and ultimately represents Bach's German style expression. Throughout the music creation process, Bach excels in a methodology that adds changes yet follows tradition, and this is once again proven in his creation of dance suites. As an example, Bach's No.2 suite applied Sinfonia as ushering music, the selection of Allemande's time signature, Sarabande's rhythm, along with selections of non-dance music pieces of Rondo and Caprice, yet with the absence of Gigue as conclusion, where the aforementioned methodology shows characteristics of a non-traditional suite form. Hence, through this Partita, we experience Bach's creativity based on traditional classical suite structures, along with bold applications of fugue and imitation, harmonizing innovative suite content and selections, and transitioning from early English Suites, which unifies into his own unique music representation.