機械製造業數位化轉型之效益研究
-以W公司個案為例

在1960年代，台灣政府喊出(客廳即工廠)的經濟政策，加上當時的政府推出許多的經濟政策，造就了台灣的經濟奇蹟，其成功的典範也讓台灣成為亞洲四小龍之首。在過去50年，台灣經濟水平的成長，足以見得台灣的傳統製造業的重要性，在台灣整體經濟貢獻，傳統產業功不可沒。依據2020年中華民國中小企業總會，台灣中小企業相關統計數據，調查資料顯示，台灣有149萬家中小企業，佔體全台灣企業97.65%，905萬人就業，佔台灣就業人口78.73%。可見的台灣的經濟成長，以中小企業為重點。傳統產業中就製造業來說，占的比重，一直維持在90%左右。依據國家發展委員會2021年人口調查人口推估，人口高齡化、少子化來臨，34歲以下勞動力比重下降，台灣的勞動以明顯趨於老化，1995年時，34歲以下就業人口比重高於四成六，至2017年已降至三成，且55歲以上就業人口比重亦有所增加。推估我國15~64歲工作年齡人口數逾2015年達高峰後，轉趨遞減，由勞動人口大量短缺，而傳統產業數需要大量的勞動力下，傳統產業不得不面對的企業經營的困難點之一。在愈來愈多競爭者透過數位化轉型取得優勢後，機械製造中小企業的競爭力將會逐漸落後，當營運模式已面臨壓力，數位轉型勢必成為企業「活下去」的重要關鍵因子，在外在、內在環境衝擊下，傳統機器製造業該如何面對新的挑戰？以及如何進行企業的轉型？已經成為企業主延續企業生命力唯一的方法。曾經為台灣創造了經濟奇蹟的傳統產業，如何利用數位化轉型翻轉現有困境，以延伸企業生命力與競爭力為為台灣整體經濟加分，實為本論文研究的目的。

關鍵字

數位化轉型；工業4.0

並列摘要

In the 1960s, the Taiwanese government called out the economic policy of "The living room is the factory". Together with the many economic policies introduced by the government at that time, it created Taiwan's economic miracle. Its successful model also made Taiwan the top of the four dragons in Asia. It can be seen that the importance of Taiwan’s traditional manufacturing industry. Traditional manufacturing. In the past 50 years, Taiwan’s economic growth has contributed to the economic contribution of traditional industries. According to survey data from the Taiwan Association of Small and Medium Enterprises, there are 1.49 million small and medium-sized enterprises in Taiwan in 2020, accounting for 97.65% of all Taiwanese enterprises, and 9.05 million people are employed, accounting for 78.73% of Taiwan’s employed population. It can be seen that Taiwan’s economic growth is based on small and medium-sized enterprises. Focus. As far as the manufacturing industry is concerned, the proportion of traditional industries has been maintained at around 90%. In the 2021 National Development Council census, the population is aging and the birth rate is coming, the proportion of labor under 34 years old is declining, and Taiwan's labor force is obviously aging. In 1995, the proportion of employed population under 34 years old was higher than 46% until 2017. It has dropped to 30% in 2015, and the proportion of the employed population over 55 has also increased. It is estimated that the number of people aged 15-64 years old in our country has exceeded its peak in 2015, and it has turned to decline. With a large shortage of labor, and the number of traditional industries requires a large amount of labor, traditional industries have to face the difficulties of business operations. one. The spread of the "China-U.S. Trade War", the "Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement" (RCEP), and the evolution of the new coronavirus have led to the disconnection of the upstream and downstream supply chains of the world economy. The epidemic may reach 2024 (Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, 2021.12). .18) These external factors have a great impact on Taiwan’s machinery manufacturing industry. Due to the proper control of Taiwan’s epidemic in 2020, although the overall economic performance is better than that of other countries, only the manufacturing industry has experienced a sharp decline. The value of traditional industries has decreased by 10.3 annually. %, the largest decline in the past 5 years (Statistics Department of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2021.05.28), After more and more competitors gain advantages through digital transformation, the competitiveness of small and medium-sized machinery manufacturing companies will gradually lag behind. When the operating model is already under pressure, digital transformation will inevitably become an important key factor for companies to "live". Under the impact of external and internal environments, how should the traditional machine manufacturing industry face new challenges? And how to transform the enterprise? It has become the only way for business owners to continue the vitality of their business. For the traditional industries that once created economic miracles for Taiwan, how to use digital transformation to turn over the existing difficulties and extend the vitality and competitiveness of enterprises to add points to Taiwan's overall economy is the purpose of this thesis.