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  • 學位論文

作業難度與操作員經驗對作業轉換效果的影響研究

Influence of manual operators experience on the performance of task-switching effects

指導教授 : 呂志維
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摘要


研究人員從實驗室的研究發現,當人們在不同作業之間進行更替的時候,需要較長的作業時間,同時也有較高的錯誤傾向,進而設計出作業轉換的實驗典範來計算作業轉換的時間延宕。對於相關檢驗作業轉換效果推論的外在效度,或是探討外因變項(作業難度)與內因變項(經驗受測者)的研究,例如相同熟練程度的受測者在不同難度加工作業的作業轉換表現,與不同熟練程度的受測者在相同難度加工作業的作業轉換表現,兩者在作業虧損的表現上是否有相同的影響?過去的研究多半是以簡單操作實驗來探討作業轉換的效果,但在一般實際工作場域中的實際作業較為複雜,且同時涉及生理以及心理層面的運作,現有的研究與實驗方式是否也能觀察到完整的作業轉換的轉換虧損效果與影響? 本研究透過Roger 和Monsell 在1995 年所發展的ABBA 的實驗設計,採用動作時間計算,以車床與銑床兩種不同類型的金屬加工作業,來作為探討作業轉換的虧損效果的基礎模型,是否也發生在實際工作場域,涉及心理及生理運作的複雜作業中。在實驗中,車床的操作人員控制車刀接觸並切削旋轉之工件,銑床的操作人員控制工件接觸旋轉之銑刀,兩操作模式的心智模式與動作恰好相反。研究的結果顯示無論是車床的轉換作業或是銑床的轉換作業,都觀察到顯著的轉換虧損(車床:7.3s, t=2.08 , p=0.03;銑床:8.8s, t=3.47, p<0.01),另作業難度及受測者經驗的變項分析,僅在同一層面實施不同項目的變數控制,卻未呈現統計顯著性的差異,但當我們將認知作業分析的心理感受與認知因素導入時,卻看到了不同的結果與影響,才發現我們在討論變異數時,除了橫向尋找不同項目,更不可忽略了縱向層次的探討。本研究除了理論現象的澄清及確認之外,主要是了解現有的實驗方式中,對因素分析的控制應有更多層次,除了各種變相的交互關係,更涉及變項內不同層次的影響,並將所得結果繪成機具加工作業轉換的認知模型,期能應用於實際領域的工作排程 的規劃程序中,以提升工作效率及確保人員安全。

並列摘要


The ability to adaptively shift attention and action among many tasks allows a person to efficiently adapt to different situations. This cognitive flexibility, named task switching, has been investigated in the laboratory since the early 20th century. This disruption is characterized by a slower and error-prone performance on an alternating task that follows the performance of an original task, as opposed to performance on the same task. The interference in accuracy and response time are together known as the switch cost. What is unknown is whether this phenomenon occurs in motor skill tasks in practical fields and how it varies between two tasks of unequal difficulty. In this study, the effects of task switching between lathe tasks and milling tasks were evaluated in 18 adult male participants using the Jersild paradigm (Jersild, 1927). Significant switching costs were observed between repetition-lathe tasks (267.06s) and switching lathe tasks (274.39s) [t17=2.28, p=0.03], and also between repetition-milling tasks (339.36s) and switching milling tasks (348.19s) [t17= 3.56, p<0.01]. However, no significant differences in switching cost were observed between harder-to-easier (a shift from milling to lathe tasks) and easier-to-harder (a shift from lathe to milling tasks) tasks. Research on switching cost has many significant benefits for both scientific-theoretical and applied practical fields, especially in high-risk industries such as nuclear industries, military operations, and the aviation industry.

並列關鍵字

switching cost human error lathe task milling task

參考文獻


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