自然．知覺－遊戲地景做為啟動兒童身體感知的學習場域設計

遊戲在兒童學習中佔了很大一部分，但在遊戲中如何學習，在蒙特梭利的兒童教育中提到對孩子來說「觀察」是他們認識世界的重要途徑，引導兒童對周遭環境進行觀察是培養兒童觀察力很重要的環節，故強調從小培養觀察力的重要性；自蒙特梭利的感知教育理論中得出兒童在發展過程中身體感知的學習價值，再從梅洛龐蒂的知覺現象學中得出知覺從身體出發，更確立身體感知與回應環境的重要性；接著藉由實際案例分析加以探討遊戲場域的規劃，得出透過兒童身體視覺、聽覺、觸覺感知認識環境與以「空間深度的經驗」呈現場所特色的基礎建構成為本研究遊戲地景理念，本研究理念建構視覺部分以知覺現象學中提到的「深度」作為理念延伸；聽覺部分以自然元素與通道作為概念延伸；觸覺部分以兒童親手主動觸碰與被觸碰自然環境與元素作為概念延伸；而呈現場所特色的部分以重視身體與環境的構成關係，場所與型式的互動關係，且保留基地原本規劃與自然環境與元素與之後遊戲地景呼應與連結，成為兒童觀察與認識環境的一環，本研究願提出的遊戲地景理念，使兒童在遊戲場域中遊戲的過程中，除了動作遊戲以外也能以身體感知觀察環境與體驗當下環境，從遊戲中得到的身體經驗過程獲得遊戲的價值。

關鍵字

兒童教育；知覺現象學；身體感知；遊戲；遊戲價值；自然環境；觀察環境；遊戲地景

並列摘要

Play account for a large part of children ’s learning. Montessori mentioned in children's education that observation is an important way for children to understand the world. It is important to let children observe the surrounding environment from an early age and cultivate observation. According to Montessori's theory of senses education, the learning value of children's body sense experience during development. From Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of perception, it is concluded that perception needs to pass through the body. More certain the importance of body sense experience and response environment. Then discuss the playground planning through a case study. It is concluded that the basic construction of understanding the environment and presenting the characteristics of the place through visual, auditory, and tactile sensory experience becomes the concept of the game landscape in this study. Take the "depth" mentioned in the phenomenology of perception as the extension of visual concept. With the natural environment and natural elements as the extension of the concept of Visual and auditory. This research concept main allows children's body experience in play to gain game value.

並列關鍵字

Children education ； Phenomenology of perceptual ； Body sense experience ； Game Value ； Play ； Natural environment ； Observation environment ； Play landscape