積體電路載板產業競合關係之研究 －以U電子公司為例

A Research on Business Coopetition Relationships of Integrated Circuit Substrate Industry – U Technology Corporation as an Example

何宗年(TEUNG-NIAN HO)

指導教授 ： 嚴奇峰

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201301115

摘要

摘要
台灣擁有全球最大的晶圓代工廠，全球50奈米以下的IC代工業務60%為台積電所有，在智慧型手機中的所有IC晶片幾乎都是由台積電和聯電兩公司代工的。台灣的封測產業也因此居全球第一，市場佔有率約為56%。全球前4大封裝測試企業，台灣就佔了3家。全球IC載板封裝市場，台灣企業市場佔有率超過70%。但近幾年IC載板廠商的市場競爭日趨白熱化，如何藉由產業環境的優勢，讓IC載板廠商能夠擴展其市場，維持或提升其競爭優勢，是目前IC載板廠商經營者的重要課題。過去的研究對於IC載板產業價值網(Value-Net)中的競合關係未多做著墨，並且尚未有利用社會網絡的三位體觀點來解釋競爭與合作的交互影響，因此促成了本研究的動機。
本研究是藉由透過價值網分析(Value-Net Analysis)，以U公司為核心公司做全面性的競爭合作分析，目的是在於深入瞭解IC載板產業的現況；說明以IC載板製造廠商U公司為核心與上、中、下游廠商之間的關係；並以U公司之觀點，探討在其價值網中各參賽者彼此之間競爭、合作與競合的關係；並解釋競合情境下所存在的垂直或水平關係進而透過多位體分析、解釋競爭與合作的交互影響關係。
本研究是以個案的方式進行，透過產業及個案公司的資料蒐集、半結構化的訪問與面談以及文獻的探討來進行研究。透過以價值網為理論基礎，發展垂直與水平關係的四象限之觀念性架構及進行三位體的情境分析，並經由多位體情境分析來解釋此產業現象。
本研究發現在價值網為理論基礎下，供應鏈的垂直關係主要以「強合作/弱競爭」為主，水平同業之間的關係主要以「強競爭/弱合作」為主。而以個案U公司的觀點看價值網，發現以「垂直合作 / 水平競爭」及「水平合作 / 水平競爭」的類型佔較多的比例。因為個案U公司處於供應鏈上B2B的中介位置來看整個產業，個案U公司可整合下游顧客的需求及搭配上游供應商的技術，以取得較競爭者更有利的市場地位。而透過二位體、三位體以及多位體的情境分析來說明二位體與三位體在價值網裡的關係差異，而在價值網裡只談論二位體的雙邊關係而未論及其第三邊關係，事實上產業中是存在複雜的三邊競合關係。本研究藉由分析第三邊關係能協助企業在此複雜的狀態情境下，做更理性及準確的決策。
建議未來研究者可以以價值網中的其他參賽者為核心，探討更多的三位體的競合情境及可以透過競合的因果關係發展一系列的命題。

關鍵字

積體電路載板產業、產業價值鏈、價值網、競合策略、三位體分析

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
The world largest foundries are located in Taiwan, among which TSMC amounts to 60% of total below 50 nm nodes. TSMC and UMC are producing mostly all IC used in smart phones. Taiwan is also leading with packaging and testing, contributing around 56% of total output. Three out of top four oSATs are from Taiwan. Furthermore, Taiwan substrate manufacturers added together hold around 70% of the market share. Nevertheless, the competition among IC substrate vender has become increasingly fierce. Therefore, how to retain or even improve its competitiveness through expanding market share by taking advantage of the industry cluster in Taiwan, and forming strategic alliances, has become an important subject for IC substrate vendor to ponder upon. The past research don’t dwell a relationship with coopetition in Integrated Circuit substrate industry's Value-Net and did not use of “Triad” views of the social network to explain competition and cooperation, and therefore the motive of cost to study.
This research is penetrates the Value-Net to take U company as the core analysis coopetition integrity, its goal is in-depth understanding of Integrated Circuit substrate industry status; It explain agent U company as the core and know the relationship with upper, middle and lower manufacturer; With a view of U company, explore the player in Value-Net the relationship between cooperation, competition and coopetition. And explain the coopetition situations existence of the vertical or horizontal relationship and then through triad explain the relationship between competition and cooperation.
This research made of a case study that through the industry and company's information collection, semi-structured interviews and documentation of research. By the base of value-net, develop the relationship between vertical and horizontal quadrant of the conceptual structure of triad situation analysis and explain many social phenomena.
The research found that the theoretical basis of value-net, the supply chain, mainly in the vertical relationship is based on "strong cooperation / weak competition", the main relationship between the level of the industry is based on "strong competition / weak cooperation". By view of the case company see value–net, found that "vertical cooperation / level of competition" and "level of cooperation / level of competition", account for a higher percentage. Because the case company in the B2B supply chain intermediary position to see the entire industry, The case company can obtain a more favorable position through integrate the needs of downstream and get more resources from upstream suppliers. By using dyad, triad and complete situational analysis shows difference between dyad and triad in value-net, in value-net only mention the relationship of dyad, not to comment trilateral relationship, in fact, there is a complex relationship of triad coopetition. This study tries to analyze the trilateral relations to help companies to do more rational decisions in the complex state.
I suggest that could be the core of the other players of value-net to analyze triad situation and through the causal relationship of coopertition developing of a series of competing propositions in the future.

並列關鍵字

Integrated Circuit Substrate Industry ； Industry Value Chain ； Value-net ； Coopetition Strategy ； Triad Analysis

參考文獻

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