一位國小校長關懷領導的教育實踐

The Educational Praxis of Caring Leadership: An Exploratory Study of An Elementary Principal

黃瀞儀(Ching-Yi Huang)

指導教授 ： 簡玉敏

中原大學/人文與教育學院/教育研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900896

摘要

摘 要 本研究以Noddings的關懷倫理學作為研究理論基礎，探討一位國小校長關懷領導的理念與教育實踐，並據以提出相關的結論與建議。 研究的目的，首先在探究國小校長關懷領導的理念、瞭解校長關懷領導的實踐，其次瞭解校長如何形塑關懷的學校，以及關懷領導的挑戰，最後根據研究結果提出校長關懷領導的研究結論與建議。 本研究採用個案研究法探究關懷領導的教育實踐。個案校長是一位服務近三十年的男性校長，他被學校的教職員同事、同儕校長，以及台北縣教育局人員以及校長們認定為一位具有關懷領導的校長。資料蒐集包括參與觀察和深入訪談、文件分析以及研究日誌。研究參與者包括個案校長、八位行政職員、五位教師、五位家長以及兩位國小學生。研究進行近一年的時間，每次皆以近身觀察校長的方式，進入個案校長的研究場域中進行訪談與實地觀察，以期可以得到深入並且具有脈絡性的資料。以下為本研究之結論與建議。 本研究的主要結論有： 一、本研究個案校長具有尊重、欣賞、信任關係、真誠同理心、學生中心與服務行政等核心理念。 二、本研究個案校長透過職責角色的平等對待、肯定學校成員的表現、權力下放與多層次領導、建立和學校成員的情感與關係、傾聽、同理心等輔導諮商技巧來溝通、站在孩子的角度做決策以及提供老師教學上的資源與協助來實踐關懷領導理念。 三、關懷領導的校長透過形塑關懷圈來建立關懷的學校。 四、本研究個案校長關懷領導的優點展現在學校設備、學校課程、家長經營、教學品質、行政和教學領導等方面。 五、本研究個案校長在實踐關懷領導時面臨的挑戰包括:不容易和學校成員建立雙向的關懷關係、 關懷與績效的衝突、被關懷者的接受程度、無法滿足老師的全面性需求、公平正義與關懷關係的衝突、校長角色的關懷限制。 本研究的主要建議有： 一、對個案校長的建議：在大型學校裡，校長可以透過一些非正式場合， 建立關懷的學校文化、提高對成員績效的要求及注意關懷關係和公平正義之間的衝突。 二、對未來的校長及行政人員的建議:校長及行政人員當期許自己扮演關懷者的角色，以同理心、傾聽等態度，創造更和諧、更有效溝通的環境。 三、對校長培育職前課程的建議：在校長職前培訓機構課程加入「學校領導倫理」的科目或內容。 四、對後續相關研究方法的建議：未來相關研究的研究者可採完全參與者的角色，對關懷領導實際實踐情形有更深刻之描述及體會。 五、對未來相關研究議題的建議：未來的相關研究可以朝探討東西方文化下，不同角色之間，關懷情感以及表達關懷方式的差異與影響。

關鍵字

關懷領導 ； 女性主義 ； 關懷倫理

並列摘要

Abstract
The purpose of this study bases on the point of caring ethic of feminism philosopher and the relative issue, inquiring the caring leadership praxis of an urban principal. And propose the conclusion and recommendation accordingly.
In this study, the research purposes and questions include four dimensions. First of all, try to assess the concept of caring leadership of the principals in national primary schools. Secondly, to realize a elementary principle’s education praxis of caring ethic. Third, inquiring how a caring principal to build a cairng school and what challenges will a caring principal may encounter.
The study employed a case study approach to explore aspects of caring leadership in educational practices. The school principal was a male who had nearly thirty years of experience in primary education. He was considered a caring leader by his colleagues in the school, the authorities at the Bureau of Education in Taipei County, and other principals in the same county. Data collection included in-depth interviews, participatory observation, document analysis, and research diary. Interviewees were comprised of the school principal, five administrator, five teachers, five parents and two students. Researchers also spend two whole days of every month shadowing the principal to gather in-depth, contextual information regarding to the principals leadership behaviors. According to the data analysis, researcher proposes the conclusion and recommendation.
Conclusion are as follows:
1. Caring principal has the following core concepts: respect, appreciate, trust relationship, counselor concept, children center and service administration.
2. Caring principal practice educational praxis of caring ethic through the following ways: equally treat every school member, confirm the performance of school members, share his authority, build up the relationship and affection with school members, having the characteristic of engrossment and motivational displacement to communicate, making a decision on the point of children, and providing and support teachers the resource of teaching.
3. Caring principal built a caring school by combining the inner and outer caring community into a caring circle.
4. Caring principal’s achievement lied on school equipment, school curriculum, building parents’ relationship, lifting up the teaching quality, lead the administration and teaching work.
5. The challenge and difficulties that caring principal may encounter are: not easy to build two-way caring relationship with school members, the conflicts between caring and effects, the level of acceptation caring form principal, how to meet every school member’s need, the comflite between caring relationship and justice, the principal is confined by a role.

Recommendations proposed as following:
1. Recommendation on the case principal: In the big scale school, principal can develop caring culture by holding activities on informal occasions、raise the demand on school’s effect and aware the conflict between the caring relationship and justice.
2. Recommendation on the school principal and administrators: principal and administrators should expect themselves as one-caring, to create a more harmony and effective communicative environment by express engrossment and motivational displacement to cared-for.
3. Recommendation on orientation for the school principals: A feasible way is to include the courses or contents of “school leadership ethics” in the training programs of normal education institutions and orientation institutions.
4. Recommendation on research method: the future research on the relative issue can be completely participator, to describe more deeply data.
5. Recommendation on relative research issue: the relative research can on the further way to inquire the different caring affection and expression under the influence of western and oriental culture.

並列關鍵字

caring le ； caring ethic ； feminists educational philosophy

參考文獻

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