情緒勞務在觀光旅館業的服務人員接觸顧客時,總是時常發生的行為。本研究以情緒勞務為研究主題,觀光產業中之旅館業為研究主體,試圖瞭解國際觀光旅館之第一線從業人員在情緒勞務議題上所產生之原因與結果。本研究以問卷調查,於2010年8月20日至2010年9月15日進行,有效問卷為378份,問卷內容分為個人屬性、工作特性、情緒勞務、工作滿意等四大部分。分析方式為敘述性統計、信度分析、項目分析與獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森相關分析、多元?歸分析等,研究結果如下: 1.第一線從業人員比例中以女性、未婚、教育程度以大學 (專) 比例居冠;職位以基層人員為首;年資大多在2年以上~不足5年間;平均月收入以2萬~不足3萬元者為最高。 2.第一線從業人員之工作特性構面以「我的工作需要多方面的知識與技能」之認知最高;情緒勞務構面以「當我工作覺得愉快時,我會在顧客面前真實表現出我的愉快」之認知最高;工作滿意題項以「整體而言,我滿意這個工作」認知最高。 3.第一線從業人員之部門在工作特性之「工作完整性」構面差異以「業務部」認知程度大於「宴會廳」;在「情緒勞務」之「假裝」和「工作滿意度」構面皆以「宴會廳」的認知高於「業務部」和「客務部」。 4.第一線從業人員之職位在工作特性3構面及「情緒勞務」中之「真實表現」構面皆以「單位經理」大於「服務員」;在工作滿意上則未達顯著差異。 5.第一線從業人員工作特性與情緒勞務、工作特性與工作滿意、情緒勞務與工作滿意皆達顯著相關。 6.工作特性對於情緒勞務與工作滿意皆具顯著影響力,而情緒勞務對於工作滿意亦達顯著影響性。 7.旅館從業人員之情緒勞務在工作特性對工作滿意影響力中介效果中顯示情緒勞務在工作特性對工作滿意之影響中扮演完全中介的角色。 本研究並建議單位主管應持續鼓勵及強化員工正面情緒勞務表現,提昇第一線從業人員的工作滿意,以鞏固永續的品牌形象。
Emotional labor was always happened and contacted with the customer service for frontline worker in the tourist hotel industry. The purpose of this study is to explore the perception of job characteristic, emotional labor, job satisfaction of the international tourist hotel employees in Kaohsiung. By convenience during August to September, 2010. A total of 378 completed questionnaires were collected. The contents of this questionnaire include personal information, job characteristic, emotional labor, job satisfaction. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, item analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results are as follows: 1.Most of the subjects were single, female, 21-30 years old, college or university graduate, 2-5 year experience and NT$20.001-30,000 revenue per month. 2.The highest score of perceived mean value are job characteristic items that of “My job requires a wide range of knowledge and skills.”, emotional labor items that of “Feeling happy when I work, I will be in front of customers to show my real pleasure.”, job satisfaction items that of “Overall, I am satisfied with this job”. 3.Socio-economic variables such as position and department would partially significantly affect the perception of job characteristic, emotional labor, job satisfaction. 4.Significantly positive correlations among job characteristic, emotional labor, job satisfaction were confirmed. 5.Job characteristic positively affects job satisfaction and emotional labor also positively affects job satisfaction. 6.Emotional labor has an intervening effect on Job characteristic and job satisfaction. 7.The study recommended that the manager should continue to encourage and reinforce positive emotional labor performance of employee, enhance job satisfaction of frontline worker in order to consolidate the sustainable development of the brand image.