新南向政策與臺灣移民政策的轉變

在臺灣面臨少子化危機、國人教育程度提升、就業選擇偏好的改變等因素下，產生基層勞力密集型態產業缺工問題，自1989年開始引進外籍移工，1992年就業服務法實施後，正式訂定聘僱外國人在臺工作相關規範，政府對於外籍移工歷來皆採取補充性人力的客工制度原則。 2016年蔡英文政府上臺即推行新南向政策，強調與新南向夥伴國家建立以人為本、互利雙贏的交流模式，其中越南、印尼、泰國、菲律賓，亦為臺灣引進外籍移工之國家。綜觀目前研究多著重以政治觀點及公共行政角度進行論證，本文將以移工政策面向作為出發點，做出新南向政策與臺灣移民政策的轉變之研究。本文將描繪新南向政策及移工政策的歷史脈絡，瞭解其間的關聯性，另透過臺灣移工政策面向分析新南向政策之影響，以及移工政策由客工制度走向移工制度之過程，探究移民政策之轉變以及未來移民政策的走向。期盼經由本文研究後，對於移民政策有更深入的認識，政府能以更宏觀的視野研擬臺灣整體的移民政策，吸引國外優秀人才來臺、留臺，完善人口政策並打造提升國際競爭力的根基。

關鍵字

新南向政策；移工政策；移民政策

並列摘要

With a severe declining birthrate, a high level of education, and the changing employment preferences, Taiwan’s labor shortage in labor-intensive industries has become a clear and present danger. Since foreign migrant workers have been introduced into domestic labor market in 1989, followed by the implementation of Employment Service Law in 1992, Taiwan’s preliminary foreign labor policy, based on foreign guest workers as supplementary manpower, has formed. When the Tsai Ing-wen government came to power in 2016, Taiwan immediately announced her flagship strategy, the New Southbound Policy (NSP), emphasizing the establishment of a people-oriented, mutually beneficial and win-win exchange model with ‘new southbound partner’ countries in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Among them, Southeast Asian countries, especially Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines are main countries that export migrant workers to Taiwan. This research aims to explore the correlation between NSP and Taiwan’s immigration policy, demonstrating the context of NSP are strategic guideline for the comprehensive foreign affairs and policies, and analyzing the policy effects that NSP raised: transforming Taiwan’s immigrant work policy to national immigration policy, .