國民中小學師傅校長遴選指標建構之研究

摘要本研究旨在探討中小學師傅校長的相關概念，並介紹國外主要國家師傅校長與國內師傅校長的發展現況，進而建構「國民中小學師傅校長遴選指標」，俾提供教育行政機關與大學或校長培育中心遴選國民中小學師傅校長之參考。本研究採取文獻分析，焦點團體座談與模糊德菲法進行探究；首先就師傅校長相關概念進行分析，並參酌國外師傅校長發展現況，初步建構中小學校師傅長遴選指標；其次進行焦點團體座談，邀請15位嫻熟該領域之專家學者、現任及曾任師徒校長參與座談會，蒐集學員對於本指標的見解與建議，編製成「國民中小學師傅校長遴選指標建構調查問卷」研究工具。本研究採取模糊德菲法專家問卷調查，由38位專家學者及現任之師傅校長、初任校長和候用校長組成模糊德菲法小組，蒐集、整合諮詢專家對本指標之卓見，建構遴選指標，續以模糊重心法解模糊化，取得各指標間的相對權重，完成整個「國民中小學師傅校長遴選指標」體系之建構。以期師傅校長的遴選結果更具合理性及周延性。本研究依據上述方法進行探究，研究結果顯示計有：壹、國民中小學師傅校長遴選指標主要架構包括人格特質、領導素養、實務能力等三大向度、十一項規準與五十一個細目指標。貳、國民中小學師傅校長遴選指標之內涵結構依序是，人格特質分為動機意願、引導才能、行為傾向三項規準；領導素養分為校務發展、行政管理、教學領導、公共關係、專業責任五項規準；實務能力分為資歷經驗、輔導知能、視導技巧三項規準，共涵括十一項規準，為二級指標。各規準分別發展出二至七個細目指標，共五十一個指標，為三級指標。參、「Fuzzy Delphi 專家效度調查問卷」建構出適切且重要之國民中小學師傅校長遴選指標內涵及其權重體系。肆、師傅校長遴選指標適切性指標以「人格特質」向度、「行為傾向」規準、「嫻熟圓融織人際互動的技巧」細目指標最受肯定。伍、整體權重中「領導素養」向度及「視導技巧」、「校務發展」規準最為重要。陸、國民中小學師傅校長遴選指標之整體架構模式中一、人格特質向度權重體系中「嫻熟圓融組織人際互動的技巧」指標最受重視。二、領導素養向度權重體系中「擅長整合資源發展學校特色」指標甚被看重。三、實務能力向度權重體系中「適任師傅校長的資歷門檻」指標備受關注。柒、國民中小學師傅校長遴選指標檢核表，可視需要擇取較重要指標編製工具。捌、預試遴選結果顯示，以模糊綜合評判法計算，在遴選過程中針對相關因素作綜合性考量，較傳統加權平均法更具客觀性、專業性及實用性。根據上述結論，茲對教育行政主管機關、校長培育機構、國民中小學校長及後續研究提出建議，以供參考。

關鍵字

師傅校長；遴選指標；師傅校長遴選指標

並列摘要

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the related concept of mentor principal in elementary and junior high schools as well to introduce developing condition of mentor principal in domestic and foreign countries to construct the 「selection indicators of mentor principal in elementary and junior high school」. Suggestions were provided for related educational administration agencies, universities or colleges of education, and principals in elementary and junior high schools. Related literature review、Fuzzy Delphi technique and focused group interview were used as the main procedures to conduct the survey. First, analyzing the related concept of mentor principal, and refer to the developing condition of mentor principal in domestic and foreign countries to construct the selection indicators preliminary; Second, the study invited 15 members to attend Focus Group interview including principals, scholars and professionals to collect the opinions and suggestions of selection indicators of members and compiled the「survey questionnaire of selection indicators construction for mentor principals in elementary and junior high schools.」 The study applied Fuzzy Delphi technique investigation to edit a questionnaire as a study tool. Delphi technique team was composed of 38 professionals‘ Scholars ’ mentor principals’ beginning principals’ candidate principals, to collect and integrate opinions of the team members for constructing selection indicators. Then by using Fuzzy and center of gravity method for analyzing fuzzy attaining the weighing of each indicator to complete the construction of 「selection indicators of mentor principals in elementary and junior high schools.」system. To get a more rational and comprehensive result of mentor principal selection. Based on the study method above the conclusions of the study were illustrated as follows: 1. The selection indicators of mentor principal included three great orientations: Personal characteristics; teaching& leading characteristics; practice capabilities. And eleven criteria as well 51 detail indicators. 2. The selection indicators of mentor principal included three great orientations, personal characteristics included 3 criteria “motivation& will” , “Guide capability”, “behavior tendency”；”Teaching & Leading characteristics” included 5 criteria “School Development”, “Administration”, “Instruction Leadership”, “Public Relation”, “Profession Liability”; “Practice Ability” included “Experience & Qualifications”, “Counseling Knowledge” and “Inspected skill” 3 criteria. There are 11 criteria for junior high indicator totally. Each criteria develop 2 to 7 indicators individual. There are totally 51 detail indicators are the third indicator. 3. The「questionnaire of profession validity survey by Fuzzy Delphi method」constructed a suitable and important containing and weighing system for selection indicator of mentor principals in elementary and junior high schools. 4. The most confirmed suitable indicators of selection indicators for mentor principal are “personal characteristics” for great orientation, “behavior tendency” for criteria, “skilled in smooth organization and interpersonal interaction” for detail indicator. 5. In overall weighing system, “Leadership” for great orientation, “inspected skill “ and ” school development” for criteria are most important. 6. In overall infrastructure mode of selection indicator of mentor principal in elementary and junior high school a. The indicator “skilled in smooth organization and interpersonal interaction” is the most important in weighing system of “personal characteristics” for great orientation. b. The indicator “skilled in integrated resource and developing school feature” is the most important in weighing system of “Teaching & Leading characteristics” for great orientation. c. The indicator “Threshold of qualification competent in mentor principal” is the most important in weighing system of” practice ability “for great orientation. 7. The check list of selection indicator of mentor principal in elementary and junior high school could be chosen to be an edit tool by selecting some more important indicators. 8. The result of pre-test selection illustrated that by using fuzzy composite evaluation method to make a composite consideration with related factor during selection process, it will be more objective, professional and practical than using traditional weighing average method. Finally, based on the study conclusions, some suggestions were proposed to educational administration authorities, universities or colleges of education, principals in elementary and junior high schools, and further studies.