社區型參與式預算對社區意識的影響—以南投縣八張社區為例

「參與式預算」概念源自於審議式民主的公民參與精神，執政者由上而下的釋放權力、以及由下而上的民意匯集預算決策模式。近年來在臺灣各地方政府如雨後春筍般地推動著，文化部也將「參與式預算」精神與操作方式加入社區總體營造計畫，針對過往計畫中「民眾參與不足的問題」，將民眾的參與行為帶入社區，利用參與式預算的實作及執行，達到凝聚「社區意識」的目標。然而過往研究文獻中對參與式預算之成果主要是利用訪談、焦點座談及觀察法的質性方式來做參與式預算可行性的評估分析及成效，而非利用量化的方式來做與「社區意識」結合的分析。基此，本研究透過問卷的發放方式，以南投縣集集鎮八張社區居民為調查對象，利用不同資料分析方法探討社區居民在不同背景屬性下(性別、年齡、教育程度、社區認知、社區參與)在社區舉辦參與式預算(參與式預算之認知、參與式預算之參與)活動後對居民社區意識的影響。研究成果發現社區居民背景屬性除了性別外，其他變項對於社區意識皆有顯著影響，且達統計顯著水準。驗證社區居民年齡越高、教育程度越低、社區認知程度越高、社區參與程度越高，有較高的社區意識；另就參與式預算的認知程度及參與式預算之參與程度對於社區意識的影響而言，也為正相關的統計顯著性。但就整體多元迴歸分析中，居民的性別、參與式預算的認知及參與式預算之參與對於社區意識較無解釋能力，未達顯著水準，但整體而言還是呈現正向相關。本文建議未來研究可以對居民做問卷的前、後測之準實驗設計方法，亦即在參與式預算開始前先發放問卷，活動結束後再做一次問卷，可以比較居民在參加完參與式預算後社區意識的改變或影響。另外為了呈現更全面之多元視角及更周延之研究成果，建議可以擴大研究範圍，同時選取不同社區做為研究，以做不同地區之比較研究，再輔以質性訪談方法，更深入了解居民的社區意識的影響。

關鍵字

參與式預算；社區型參與式預算；社區意識

並列摘要

The concept of “participatory budgeting” originated from the citizen participation of deliberative democracy, the budget decision model is about the empowerment of the government and the participation of the citizens. The government in Taiwan has been implementing “participatory budgeting” in many communities to get citizens more involved in public affairs and thus enhancing the community consciousness, the Community Development Project of the Ministry of Culture’s is one of the good examples. Qualitative Research methods like interview, focus groups, and observations are mostly used in participatory budget researches. Though, to better understand the relationship between the community consciousness and the participatory budget, survey questions are designed to collect responses from the residents in the Bazhang community in this research. 　　Research results find that except for gender, other context variables (age, education, community cognition, and community participation) are statistically significant. It indicates that residents who are older, lower-educated, higher community cognition, or higher community participation have better community consciousness. And the cognition and participation of participatory budget are also significantly correlated to the community consciousness. Though, in the multiple regression analysis, the cognition and participation of participatory budget are shown to be non-significant. To further understand how the participatory budget project affects community consciousness, a Quasi-experimental design is suggested for future studies. And also, extend the research region, broaden the sample size, and integrate qualitative and quantitative research methods are all recommended to get a bigger picture of this topic.