中國大陸民辦幼兒園經營管理之探究

The Study on the Management of Private Kindergartens in Mainland China

蔡佩珊(Pei-Shan Tsai)

指導教授 ： 洪雯柔

國立暨南國際大學/教育學院/國際文教與比較教育學系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2014.00028

摘要

在社會變遷的影響下，社會環境跟著轉變，如全球競爭、國際化、少子化、家庭問題等，因為社會環境的改變，使得教育也受到衝擊。以學前教育而言，大環境影響的結果，幼兒園的生存所受到的衝擊最大，家長又開始重視幼兒園的品質，加上幼托整合，幼兒園的經營管理必須重新統整，並找出適合的經營模式，以達到永續經營。
　 中國大陸由於政府部門所辦之公辦幼兒園數量，難以滿足其國內學前教育需求，因而開始鼓勵民間辦學，卻導致民辦幼兒園數量急速增長，問題也逐漸開始湧現。本研究因之探究中國大陸民辦幼兒園的經營管理，以文獻分析瞭解中國大陸學前教育發展歷程與民辦學前教育的發展概況，進而探討民辦幼兒園發展所帶來的相關問題，分析民辦幼兒園經營管理的因應策略，並加以評論與建議。
　　研究結果發現：民辦幼兒園逐漸成為中國大陸的主要辦園模式，其特色包含園所創立獨特的經營模式、課程與教學創新且多元、園所環境設備符合幼兒使用、鼓勵教師參與進修及培訓、建立與家長溝通的良好管道。民辦幼兒園所面臨的問題，因城鄉差異甚大，導致政府管理程度普遍較低；財政經費投入比例偏低，機制不完善；園所管理制度不健全；師資的福利待遇未完全平等，專業程度較低；課程與教學受家長的要求、園所經濟利益及教師專業程度影響。而民辦幼兒園未來發展趨勢，將受政府的重視、入學年齡下降、民辦園成為辦園主體且趨多樣化、教師品質提升、課程趨向多元且自主化。

關鍵字

民辦幼兒園 ； 學前教育 ； 中國大陸 ； 經營管理

並列摘要

Under the influence and pressure of society changes, such as global competition, internationalization, low birth rate, and family problems and dysfunction, education is also affected. Regarding to the early childhood education, due to the environmental impact, kindergartens’ survival has been hit the most, and parents began to emphasize the importance to the quality of kindergartens, accompanied by the policy of integration of preschools and nursery centers, the management and marketing must be re-constructed, and find an effective and efficient management model, so as to achieve sustainable development.
In Mainland China, the government established many public kindergartens, but that couldn’t meet the need of preschool education enrollments. Thus, the government started to encourage the private kindergartens and this leaded to the rapid growth of the private kindergarten number. With the excessive development of the private kindergartens, the related problems also began to emerge gradually. The author therefore explore the management of private kindergartens in Mainland China. The study uses literature review to understand the development process of early childhood education in Mainland China, and the development of private preschool.
The results showed that: private kindergarten has become the main mode of early childhood education in Mainland China, and its features include kindergartens founded by a unique business model, innovation and diversity of curriculum and teaching, the environment equipment complying with young children, the encouragement for teachers to participate in in-service education and training, and the establishment of good communication with the parents. Problems and challenges faced by private kindergarten are as follow: the great differences in urban and rural areas leading to the low degree of government management; low proportion of financial funding and imperfect funding mechanism; incomplete management of kindergartens; unequal teachers’ salaries , lower teachers’ professional level; curriculum and teaching leaded by parents' request and kindergartens’ financial interests. The future development trends of private kindergartens will be subject to the government's attention and school age drop, private kindergartens have become increasingly diverse, and will promote the enhancement of the quality of teachers, and the diversity and autonomy of curriculum.

並列關鍵字

private kindergarten ； early childhood education ； China ； management

參考文獻

蔡純姿（2007）。幼兒園創新經營之個案研究。幼兒保育學刊，5，35-58。

簡宏江（2011）。幼托整合政策衝突之研究。育達科大學報，26，127-154。

3-6歲兒童學習與發展指南（徵求意見稿）（2012年5月23日）。

一、中文部分

丁海東（2010）。加強幼兒園教師隊伍建設，確保學前教育事業健康發展。幼兒教育， 493，14-17。