誰的鄧雨賢紀念館？誰的文化造鄉？新竹芎林客庄社區總體營造之治理網絡分析

行政院客家事務委員會，不只是對應客家族群議題的發聲和照顧，從積極創造客家文化保存活化的角度出發，積極推動「文化造鎮，客庄再生」之政策，從多面向的客家文化保存詮釋的角度，接合以在地居民集體認同為主，所凝聚的社區文化意識，如何透過鄉內各社區、各社團、及公私部門合作與整合機制與制度之政策設計，以達到客庄農村之永續發展？在此藉由社區自主行動的經驗，嘗試建立客庄居民的參與模式，提供一個整合型的社區營造經驗的分享，具體展現「客家生活環境營造」的擴大效益。研究個案的基地「芎林」，曾經是新竹縣的政治經濟文化中心，昔時文風鼎盛，秀才舉人輩出，文化資產豐富，著名客家籍作曲家與音樂家鄧雨賢先生，亦曾於芎林國小任教，並留下讚頌芎林之美的名曲「芎林小唄/調」。行政院客委會更希望藉由「芎林鄉文化造鄉暨鄧雨賢紀念文化設施委託規劃案」計畫，打造芎林鄉為客家文化重鎮的環境，以鄧雨賢音樂文化造鄉為主題；期望凝聚社區參與客家文化保存計畫的共識，不僅充分利用鄉境內的人文與文化資源，規劃出合乎地方社區居民使用者的需求，更以此達成紀念客家先賢鄧雨賢先生對於音樂文化貢獻的特殊意涵。其認為興建鄧雨賢紀念館一方面不僅可解決長期以來地區民眾無活動空間可用之苦，另一方面則藉由發展文化觀光，進而建設芎林地方成為文化城鄉，可謂立意良善。然而此立意良善之政策，延宕至今仍未達成興建館舍的共識。究竟在政策的研擬過程出現了什麼問題？其造成爭議的論點何在？而相關政策參與者間又如何互動？以上種種問題係引發作者對於芎林文化造鄉之治理網絡型態的研究動機。因此，經由以新竹縣芎林鄉文化造鄉個案研究探討，並對相關社區組織、專業團隊、鄉公所等單位的深度訪談，與作者身為地方專業團隊一員，多年對於社區總體營造的參與觀察來綜合分析相關議題，以檢視地方政府在施政上如何促使社區居民參與地方公共議題，本研究也以實際參與推動「新竹縣芎林鄉文化造鄉」活動為個案，試圖為未來的社區居民參與公共議題和地方政府的治理模式提出可行的政策目標與策略作為。

關鍵字

地方治理、社區總體營造、政策網絡、新竹芎林、鄧雨賢

並列摘要

Council for Hakka Affairs, under Executive Yuan (CHA) conducts the issues of the Hakka tribe, as well as vigorously preserving and coming alive the Hakka culture. Furthermore, it energetically impels the policy of “Building a cultural town, Recreating Hakka countries.” Moreover, how does a Hakka village achieve the substainable development which is worked by the cooperation, integrated system, and the policy design by the different local communities, clubs, private sectors, and public sector which may combine the common view of local residents to concrete the community cultural consciousness from the way preserving the multi-dimension Hakka culture. This research aimed to develop a resident engaging model basing on the experience of the community resident authentic action to provide an integrated experience sharing of construction of community to specifically present the expanding effects of the construction of Hakka living environment The destination of this case study is “Xiong-Lin” which was the center of politics, economy, and culture. At the same time, the literary spirit was flourishing. In that time, there were a great number of excellent and well-educated people and contained abound cultural resources. The famous musician and composer Mr. Teng, Yu Sheing, once taught at Xiong-Lin elementary school, left a famous “Minor of Xiong-Lin” applauding the beauty of Xiong-Lin,. CHA expects to transform Xiong-Lin into the core center of Haak cultural environment by the project of “Cultural Construction in Xiong-Lin and Teng, Yu Shieng Memorial Hall delegated plan” which is based on the theme of the Hakka culture and Teng’s music. CHA intends to concrete the common view regarding the community involvement and preserving Hakka culture. The memorial hall is designed to properly connect with local humanistic and resources and to match the requirement of the residents, as well as achieving the goal for memorizing Mr. Ten who made a great contribution to the music and culture. Building Mr. Tung Memorial Hall is deemed as a solution of the problem that there has been lacking available activity space for local residents for a long time. Furthermore, by developing cultural tourism, Xiong-Lin could be transformed into a cultural country. These ideas are good for Xiong-Lin. In spite of these great ideas, the plan of the memorial hall has been postponed because of lacking complete agreement. What is the problem existing the process of decision making? What is the key point of the controversy? How do the decision makers interact with each other? Author is motivated by these questions to research the governance network mode of cultural building in Xiong-Lin. Therefore, Combing the case study of Xiong-Lin, interviewing the communities, professional teams, country government, and author’s experience who has been engaging the plan of the total construction of the community, this study analyzed the related issues and to examine how a local government to impel and encourage residents to participate the public issues. Also participated the case of cultural building in Xiong-Lin in Xin-Zhu, author tried to propose a reasonable political objective and strategy regarding residents participating the public issues and a governance mode of the local government.