台灣中小企業的永續發展與綠色金融：以C銀行對太陽光電系統建置的融資分析為例

金管會要求上市櫃公司在2027年前都要分階段做到碳盤查，且因應台灣政府已宣布將在2050前達成淨零碳排，致各產業加速布局減碳進度，能源結構調整已成重要改革方向，企業開始正視綠色能源紛紛投資太陽光電設備建置，近來金融業授信許多氣候融資之綠色貸款方案，包括太陽光電設備貸款需求也日益增加。本研究針對銀行業發展太陽光電設備授信策略作個案研究，從銀行授信原則分析，及對企業徵信的分析，另透過電話訪談方式，總合五家銀行對太陽光電設備貸款策略，進而瞭解各銀行辦理太陽光電設備貸款授信決策時所考量的因素，以提供作為銀行制定太陽光電設備貸款之授信政策的多層面考量。最後以SWOT分析本個案銀行的競爭策略。本研究歸納重要結論如下:太陽光電設備授信因應市場需求，各銀行皆推出太陽光電設備貸款專案，授信條件大同小異，C銀行在設備興建期，有經濟部能源局同意備案文件，及設備安裝的發票即可撥款八成，讓授信戶在申請取得正式電能購售契約前的六個月期間，即可支應設備建置款項，貸款資金效用高，另長期資本性支出為一段式撥款，授信戶可避免授信的不確定性。雖然太陽光電設備貸款有台電簽訂長期售電契約，足以償還銀行貸款本息，惟C銀行仍需加留意授信風險，定期審視售電入款情形，避免影響債權。本研究總結銀行授信業務必須與時並進，在此時綠色授信大量需求下，應訂定符合市場需求授信商品，才能在風險可控的授信政策下，創造最大收益。

關鍵字

綠色金融；太陽光電設備貸款；銀行業；中小企業

並列摘要

The Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) requires listed companies to conduct carbon inventory step by step before 2027. In response to the fact that Taiwan government has announced that our nation will achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, various industries have accelerate the carbon reduction progress. Especially, the energy structure adjustment have become an important reform direction so that enterprises have begun to face up to green energy such as the investment on the construction of solar photovoltaic equipment. Recently, there has been an increasing demand from the financial sector to credit many green loan schemes for climate finance, including solar photovoltaic equipment loans. This study is a case study on the development of solar photovoltaic equipment credit-granting strategies in the banking industry. Through the investigation of bank credit-granting principles, collection of corporate credit information, and the telephone interview of the loan strategies of five banks for solar photovoltaic equipment, the study summarizes the main factors considered by each bank when handling solar photovoltaic equipment loan granting decisions in order to provide multi-level considerations to formulate solar photovoltaic equipment loan credit policies. Moreover, SWOT analysis is used to integrate the competitive strategies of the bank C in this case. The important conclusions of this study are as follows: in response to market demand, all banks have launched solar photovoltaic equipment loan projects, and the credit conditions are similar. During the construction period of the equipment, Bank C can allocate 80% of the equipment construction with the approval of the Energy Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the invoice for the installation of the equipment. Therefore, the credit holder can pay the equipment construction money within the six months before applying to obtain the formal power purchase and sale contract, and the loan fund is highly effective. Besides, the long-term capital expenditure is a one-time allocation so that the credit holder can avoid the uncertainty of credit granting. Although solar photovoltaic equipment loan often accompanies with a long-term power sales contract signed by Tai-power which is sufficient to repay the principal and interest of the bank loan, Bank C still needs to pay attention to the credit risk and regularly reviews the situation of electricity sales and investment to avoid affecting the creditor's rights. Bank credit businesses must keep pace with the times. Under the large demand for green credit at this time, credit products that meet market demand should be formulated to create maximum benefits under the credit policy with controllable risks.